与国内考试中常见的判断题答案仅仅存在正确和错误两种可能性不一样,雅思(IELTS)考试中的正误判断题对任何一个需要判断正误的句子都给出了三种可能,分别是True/Yes(正确),False/No(错误)以及Not Given(未提及)。因此,要做好雅思中的正误判断题,学生首先要理解“False”的含义。
与国内考试中常见的判断题答案仅仅存在正确和错误两种可能性不一样,雅思(IELTS)考试中的正误判断题对任何一个需要判断正误的句子都给出了三种可能,分别是True/Yes(正确),False/No(错误)以及Not Given(未提及)。学生通常发现这种题型很难,原因之一就是这些学生习惯于做True和False题目,其中的False涵盖了False和Not Given两种情况,所以当学生在做True, False和Not Given的题目时他们无法区分三个不同种类的矛盾对立状况和“Not Given”的区别。因此,要做好雅思中的正误判断题,学生首先要理解“False”的含义。事实上,FALSE/NO总共有三种矛盾对立状况:
statements which are the opposite of the original text.
命题与原文内容对立(相反)。
statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.
命题与原文对立(相反),因为命题否定原文内容。
statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.
命题信息既不对立(相反)也不否定,但是和原文内容矛盾。
Example 1
原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests —— what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them —— independent of any formal tuition.
题目:The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.
分析:由于原文是“the frequent and often vivid media coverage (媒体的大肆报道)”,而题目中却是“has largely been ignored by the media (经常被媒体忽视)”。这就是False的第一种情况:命题与原文内容对立(相反)。
Example 2
原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests —— what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them —— independent of any formal tuition.
题目:Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms.
分析:原文说得很清楚,“it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests independent of any formal tuition”,意思是“孩子们很有可能会形成一些跟雨林相关的概念,而这些概念是独立于任何正统的教学的”,而题目“children only (只) accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms (教室)”表示孩子们只接受在教室中学到的关于热带雨林的知识。这就是False的第二种情况:命题否定原文内容。原文有多种可能,而题目说只存在一种可能,这种情况常有绝对性词语only和must等词伴随。
Example 3
原文:Responses to question three concerned the important of rainforests. Similarly, but a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities.
题目:Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction.
分析:原文指出“第三个问题是关于雨林的重要性,更多的女孩比男孩说雨林提供了人类的居所;第四个问题才是问雨林破坏的成因”。通过比较原文和题目我们发现:题目并没有明显的对立和否定的词汇出现,而是通过句式结构的转换产生了题目和文章信息的矛盾。因此,这就是False的第三种情况。
总而言之,如果在阅读文章中找到了跟题目对应的语句,并且通过阅读比较后发现两句话的意思不一致,则答案应该是:False (错误)。
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