雅思写作大讲堂：如何用词（二）

准确用词——词之境

注意语境。只有注意语境，做到词随境变，才能发挥词的真正功力。比如说在写大作文时，我们应该知道这是较正式的文章，应该使用档次高点的词，想表达同意某种观点，不要说I think this suggestion OK ,也不要老说I agree with this opinion。

稍微讲究一点，可以用In my perspective, 或者 From my perspective, this opinion does sound rational。在写G类小作文的书信时，道歉信的用词应该谦卑诚恳些，抱怨信的选词应该显示礼貌的同时用词力道大些、狠些，这样才能传达你的本意。

写学术小作文，尤其是数据类文章，精确很重要，因为此类文章很讲究科学性和准确性。精确来源于图表的观察和自己的分析。比如一个学生写了这样一个句子：I can see from the chart that the number of tourists from USA kept rising from 2003 to 2007。

单看句子确实没有语法错误，但行家一看就知道此句描写不准确，句子没有表达出人数上升的势态——快或者慢，逐渐上升还是急剧上升，稳定上升还是拨动着上升。较好一个写法：The chart shows that the number of tourists form USA kept rising dramatically\gradually from 2003 to 2007.

我们来看一下考官怎么用词(下文引自剑8第167页)：

There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

1. 简单的词简单的句型There is no doubt that。

2. 简单的形容词huge。

3. 动名词作主语Solving these problems，避免“人”的出现，试图更客观。

 While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are likely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.

 1. 连词While引出让步壮语，后面的句型it is undeniable that也挺好的。

2. increase此处作名词用。

3. 常用的词组加简单的词are likely to limit。

4. 连词As引导一个原因壮语从句。

5. 普通的动词affect。

6. 实用精到的短语be very unpopular with。

7. 还不错的形容词various，表达“多种多样的”。

8. 有点难度的及物动词implemented，表达“应用、使用”。

9. 又是普通的短语加通俗的形容词have a huge effect on，huge是第二词被用到。

I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufactures and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.

1.还算可以的动词搭配tackle the problem of pollution。

2.较简单的词develop表达“开发”。

3. available在写作中比较常用，也比较好，表达“可利用的、可得的”。

4.多简单的形容词 quieter and cleaner。

5.还不错的动词搭配adopt this new technology。

6. a more effective strategy，简单形容词effective可以清晰地传达意思。

However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For instance, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

1. 交通阻塞traffic congestion要会写。

2. improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers，此处improve是“增加”之意，available作后置定语有用了一遍。好词经常用。

3. 较有难度的sufficient，表达“足够的”。

4. 准确的搭配effectively maintained。

5. 较难的名词及形容词搭配would be made attractive and affordable alternatives。

 In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

1. 普通的短语depend on；2. construct and run efficient systems，用两个动词并列准确达意，用一个平常但精准的形容词efficient作限定词。

 对于考官的文章，我从不迷信，也从不膜拜。以上只是个人觉得比较好的地方，做了简单分析，以供大家借鉴。

结束语

正确的方法与技巧的确能事半功倍，但是，不要一味投机取巧妄想一夜暴富。毕竟，写文章不可能一日就能达到出语惊人的功力。所以，我们得扎扎实实做点最起码的功课——记单词，否则一切都将是无源之水，流不长啊！不过，如果时间有限的话，可以记忆一下高频同义词，以解燃眉之急。

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