如何解决雅思作文“长不高”的烦恼

英语基础差的雅思考生在写雅思作文的时候，经常会为句子写不长而烦恼，无论其怎么地绞尽脑汁地凑字数，文章看起来都是“短小精湛”。于是考生十分的困惑，究竟怎样才能把雅思作文的句子写长一点？就像身体长高有一定的方法，让雅思作文长高也是有方法可循的。在雅思考试中，阅卷官对长难句情有独钟，为了能够获得考官的青睐，考生势必得投其所好，写出“高大威武”的长难句。本次的讲解核心是雅思写作长难句，重点介绍如何用定语状语写长句子，为句子带上高帽和戴上增高鞋，帮助考生解决雅思作文“长不高”的烦恼，使句子获得由短变长的飞跃。
    英语的基本句型有五种，无论多么复杂的长难句，在句子“长高”之前，其实都是一些简单句。
    我们先来看看一些简单句基本句型的实例，
第一种：主语  ＋   不及物动词
John came．
第二种：主语  ＋  及物动词  ＋  宾语
John likes English.
第三种：主语  ＋   系动词   ＋  主语补语
John is happy．
第四种：主语  ＋  双宾动词  ＋  间接宾语  ＋  直接宾语
John gave me a book．
第五种：主语  ＋  宾补动词  ＋  宾语  ＋  宾语补语
John makes his girl friend happy．
    John出场了，我们看到了，他长得确实“有点短”，我们想帮助他长高，有什么妙招呢？
    方法就是：给句子加上一些基本成份的修饰语，然后用连词连接起来。
    基本成分的修饰语用定语和状语，定语是用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句，状语是用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。
定    语
Poor John came.
John likes American English
John is rather happy．
John gave his girl friend many books，which are full of illustrations．
John makes his girl friend very happy．
状   语
John often came to chat with me．
John likes English very much．
No matter what happen, John is happy．
In the library, John gave his girl friend a book．
Whatever he do，John makes his girl friend very happy．
    上面的例子十分简单，相信考生可以快速领会到此方法的妙处。
    学会用定语和状语写长句子，我们再来看看怎么用连接成分使句子一高再高。
连接成份实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句，这种连词叫做并列连词，另一类连接成份是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词，这类连词叫从属连词，从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成份。
    简单句的扩展就是把简单句的主语、宾语加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。两个简单句的主语可以用and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。
例句：John is flying to America. His girl friend is flying to America.
      John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      Both John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      John is flying to England. His girl friend is not flying to England.
      John but not his girl friend is flying to England.
      John may be flying to Berlin. His girl friend may be flying to Berlin.
      Either John or his girl friend is flying to Berlin.
      John is not flying to York. His girl friend isn’t flying to York.
      Neither John nor his girl friend is flying to York.
    两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。
例句：I met John. I met his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John. I didn’t meet his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John or his girl friend.
      I met neither John nor his girl friend.
      例句是不是很通俗易懂呢？对于基础特别差的学生，最实用的妙招就是套用套句
例如：
Another special consideration in this case is that... 对这个问题的另一考虑是...
Besides, we should not neglect that... 除此之外，我们还不能忽视...
But it is a pity that... 但遗憾的是...
But the problem is not so simple, therefore... 然而问题并非如此简单，因此...
Others may find this to be true, but I do not, I believe that... 在别人看来可能是对的，但我个人并不认为如此，我认为...
Perhaps you'll question why... 也许你会问为什么...
There is certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem... 尽管大量事实如此，但我们还有一个疑问...
Though we are in basic agreement with... 虽然基本上我们同意...
What seems to be the trouble is... 似乎困难是在...
Yet difference will be found, what is why I feel that... 然而其中仍有差别，这也正是我们为什么认为...
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you may... 只要你认为这合理，你就可以...
...should be put in the first place. ...应放在首要位置
Next, another factor we must consider is that... 接下来，我们必须考虑的另一因素是...
The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that... 每个人都注意到，最主要的原因是...
What is also with noticing is that... 另一个值得注意的是...
    有了这些套句的帮助，学生写不出长句的时候套进去，句子也会迅速变长的。
    接下来我们看看雅思作文中一些“长不高”的句子，在我们的帮助下是如何“长高”的。
长高前：Nuclear plants are clean and economical but people hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
  长高后：Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy; however people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
方法：增加定语of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy来修饰way,添加连词however，添加especially local residents来限制people,再用定语从句who are very concerned about safety来修饰people.这样一来，句子就被“拔高”了。
再看两个例句：
  长高前：　Some people succeed. Other people fail. The difference is whether they can take advantage of opportunities.　　
  长高后：One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advantage of opportunities rather than the number of opportunities, which will inevitably arise, if rarely, in the course of one’s life.
  方法：用between。。。。。。and。。。。。。把Some people succeed和Other people fail两个短句连接起来，用两个which引导定语从句和非限制性定语从句，if引导条件状语从句。巧用从句，写出长句有何难？
  长高前：College students are interested in grades and economic success. They are expected to cheat more frequently.　　   
  长高后：College students, primarily interested in grades and economic success, are expected to cheat more frequently than those who graduated ten years ago and are far less concerned with the problem of society than with their own personal future.
  方法：从句primarily interested in grades and economic success来修饰College students，those who graduated ten years ago来与现在的College students做对比，and连接的句子指出College students的问题。
    接下来我们一起看看一篇雅思的考官范文，看看考官是如何写出长难句的，如何让雅思作文“鹤立鸡群”。
题目：
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文：
    As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.
    第一段是对题目的改写，整段的核心意思是说的就是职业运动员收入颇丰
（sports professionals are paid huge salaries）。作者先给出原因，在媒体不断地推波助澜下，我国的许多职业运动员已成为了明星和名人。（As a result of constant media attention，sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities）再揭露现象，像一些电影明星一样，他（她）们也是香车豪宅，生活极为奢华。（Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.）。作者用的状语有，原因状语（As a result of），地点状语（in my country），比较状语（Just like movie stars），方式状语（with huge houses and cars）。作者用的定语有，形容词做定语，如，constant，定语从句，如，those at the top修饰sports professionals。
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
    第二段讲的是许多人觉得他（她）们的回报极为不公（Many people find their rewards unfair
）作者给出合理解释，运动员的薪水并不是由一个人对社会所做出的贡献或者其责任水平所决定，相反，它们反映的是从整体上来说体育运动在大众中的普及性以及那些成功的体育明星对促进公众对运动的支持所做出的贡献。（sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.）作者在第一句讲许多人觉得他（她）们的回报极为不公，后面用了两个从句跟随especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists，or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country。本来句子是“不高”的，作者带为其带上高帽和穿上增高鞋，句子一下子就“高大威武”许多。
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.
    第三段讲了体育明星拿高薪的原因，那些认为体育明星拿高薪无可厚非的人争辩说那些有天赋的体育运动员实属凤毛麟角，高薪是对他（她）们娴熟技能和通往成功之路所付出努力的承认。（　Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.）作者用了套句Those who。。。。。。argue that。。。。。。
竞争持续不断，运动员在他（她）们相对较短的运动生涯中迎接每次检验。来自于媒体的压力令人窒息，而且他（她）们必须生活在镁光灯下，没有隐私。这一切都证明了他（她）们高薪得之无愧。（Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.）作者列举了两个原因，持续的竞争，媒体的压力，明星运动员的付出比常人多，高薪得之无愧。
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.
    最后一段，再一次重申了体育明星的高薪更受之无愧并呼吁我们关注体育领域。比起电影明星的高薪，体育明星的高薪更受之无愧（I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars）该现象也显得出我们的社会更关注体育而非其它一些更重要的领域和成就（it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.）作者使用的状语有personally, but at the same time.
     大家看了雅思考官的作文，结合以上的分析，是不是有一种如释重负的感觉，原来考官写的作文也不过如此。
    不积跬步无以至千里，不积小流无以成江海。现在大家应该知道如何使短句变长句了，同学们要时刻牢记：写作的终极目的是考察学生的语言能力，你的雅思作文要想鹤立鸡群，就得学会让雅思作文“长高”的方法。