上篇SAT语法的文章之中,我们已经了解到了SAT语法考察的目的和本质。这篇文章主要聊一聊SAT语法中比较莫名其妙或者说中国同学很容易出错的语言点。掌握好这些,正是SAT高分关键所在。下面,我们就来看看,SAT语法中的一部分‘不靠谱’的考点。详细资讯欢迎来电! 海曙中心咨询电话:0574-87076033 江东中心咨询电话:0574-87736833
上篇SAT语法的文章之中,我们已经了解到了SAT语法考察的目的和本质。这篇文章主要聊一聊SAT语法中比较莫名其妙或者说中国同学很容易出错的语言点。掌握好这些,正是SAT高分关键所在。下面,我们就来看看,SAT语法中的一部分“不靠谱”的考点。
1.悬垂结构错误
After reading the book, _____________.
(A) I fed the dog (B) the dog was fed by me
(C) feeding the dog was his task (D) the dog was hungry
看到这个标题和例题,好多同学晕了。因为从语法语义上讲,几个选项仿佛都讲得通,于是不知道该如何下手了。其实这个考点是属于SAT语法独特考察之一,具体如下。
考点定义:现在分词(V-ing)、过去分词(V-ed)、不定式(to do)、形容词在句子中作前置状语时,其逻辑主语(即该动作的发出者)从文法的要求来看,必须是句子的主语。否则成为悬垂结构错误。
分析例题,可见前置状语After reading the book逻辑主语应该是人,选项中以人作主语的只有A,故A正确。
真题回顾:
Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide as she distributed maps for a walking tour of central Canberra.
A. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
B. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, the efficient manner of the tour guide was reflected
C. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform that reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
D. The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide reflected her efficient manner
E. The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide, a reflection of her efficient manner
分析:前置状语Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform逻辑主语是人,而AB项句子主干的主语都不是人,排除AB。CE中句子残缺,无谓语。D正确。
2.Run-on错误
这个概念又够陌生的,先来体验个例子。
简单版:I love English, Mary loves French.
复杂版:Many players became truculent in the playing field, although calm in their daily life, they do the contrary when in a match.
分析两例子,可见都是两个句子独立存在(即两套主谓结构),却只有一个逗号做连接。
考点定义:两个句子独立存在(即两套主谓结构),却只有一个逗号做连接,称为run-on。
修改方式:
A. 逗号改分号
B. 逗号改冒号(解释关系)
He has a very special gift, he can eat and sing at the same time.
He has a very special gift: he can eat and sing at the same time.
C. 加上连接词(注意:: therefore, consequently, however, nonetheless. nevertheless这些不是连词)
D. 消灭一个句子,把它变成状语/定语或者从句。
There are a lot of algae in the sea, the fish reproduce very quickly.
Where there are a lot of algae in the sea, the fish reproduce very quickly.
3.就前原则
(1)Extending along several city blocks (2)are a row of ginkgo trees, (3)their leaves (4)turning a brilliant yellow now that summer is over. (5)No error
分析:分析句子结构,可见本句是倒装句,主语应该是a row of ginkgo trees ,但是按照国内一些英语老师的讲解和汉语的翻译‘一排银杏树’,应该是复数概念,所以原句看似没错。问题是,根据正统学术英文习惯,n1. of n2. 的单复数应该按照n1为准(即就前原则),所以a row of ginkgo trees 是单数,(2)错误,要改为is。
考点定义: 名词A+介词+名词B做主语,单复数的判断应该以介词前的名词为准,即‘就前原则’。
4.代词指代本质
请看例句
You should get up early, which is good for your health.
这个句子,在国内的语法中简直是超级正确的—非限制性定语从句中,which指代前面整个句子。但是这个原则在SAT语法中是不对的。
考点定义:SAT语法中,代词只能指代名词,因为代词pro-noun的词根语义就是‘前面有个名词’。
真题回顾:
When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989, five million people went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A) to celebrate that
(B) for its celebration
(C) to celebrate
(D) in celebration of that
(E) in celebrating
分析:根据语义,划线部分的that应该指的是前面的句子the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989,按照代词指代本质—只能指名词原则,ABD错误。表示目的不能用in celebrating,要用to celebrate,选C。
5.简洁性原则
Pierre observed the diners and motels of mid-America, and these are sights that are depicted in his trendy paintings.
A. these are sights that are depicted
B. the depiction of these sights is
C. these sights having been depicted
D. his depiction of these sights
E. depicted these sights
考点定义:同样的概念,在不改变寓意的前提下,表达方式越简洁越好(字数从简),称为简洁性原则。这是个很灵活的原则,不像语法错误那么死板明显,故需要大家多去做真题,多去读改正的选项,培养语感。据此,以上例题E正确。
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