托福TPO38阅读真题解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO38阅读真题解析：Passage 2。

托福TPO38阅读Passage 2 真题解析 【在线咨询】

The Raccoons's Success

paragraph 2
1. According to paragraph 2, what happened to raccoons in the 1930s?
A. They had a series of unusually good breading seasons.
B. They expanded into the Rocky Mountain West.
C. Their population levels fell.
D. They were harvest in significant numbers for the first time.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题根据题干给的关键词raccoon和1930s定位到原文中这里Following a decline to a relatively low population level in the 1930s，这半句的大致意思是在1930年左右数量降低到一个相对较低的水平之后。所以我们可以知道在20世纪30年代的时候，raccoon的数量是下降的。选项C正确。其余三个选项都没有提及。

2. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choice change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Raccoons are growing more numerous even though they must continue to find new habitats.
B. Raccoons are now undoubtedly present in areas where they once rare or absent.
C. Raccoons have found parties, deserts, coastal marshes, and mountains to be excellent habitats to expand into.
D. The number of raccoons must be even greater today because raccoons have continued to expand into new habitats.
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题先定位到高亮的句子：By now, their numbers have undoubtedly grown even more, as they have continued to expand into new habitats where they were once either rare or absent, such as sandy prairies, deserts, coastal marshes, and mountains. 本句大意是：现在raccoon的数量毫无疑问地增长了，它们继续扩张到以前很少或者根本没有去过的地区，比如说沙漠大草原、沙漠等等地方。选项D是这个句子的同义转述。选项A说raccoon必须去找新的栖息地，不对，后文我们可以得知是人为地放养，不是它们自己必须扩张;选项B说的太绝对，raccoon正在扩张而不是已经扩张完了，而且也不是扩张到了所有它们没出现过的地方;选项C错误的地方与选项A一样，raccoon不是自己去扩张的，是被人放生过去的。选择D。

3. The word "consistently" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. typically
B. predictably
C. increasingly
D. Reliably
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察的单词定位到原文中这一句：Despite significant numbers being harvested and having suffered occasional declines, typically because of disease, the raccoon has consistently maintained high population levels. 本句话的大意是：尽管很多raccoons被捕获，遭受到偶然性的数量降低(一般是因为疾病)，它们的数量还是居高不下。consistently的意思是持续的，不断的，不变的。选项A是典型的，选项B是可以预测的，选项C是增加的，选项D是可信赖的。比较一下选项D最贴合consistently的意思，选择D。

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paragraph 3
4. According to paragraph 3, which is true about raccoons in Utah's Great Salt Lake Valley?
A. They were not easily transplanted there from Indiana.
B. They were not found there prior to 40 years ago.
C. They were often restocked because of illegal hunting.
D. They expanded into that area from nearby suburban and urban settings.
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题根据题干给出的关键词raccoon，Utah’s Great Salt和Lake Valley定位到原文中这两句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another和 Their appearance and subsequent flourishing in Utah's Great Salt Lake valley within the last 40 years appears to be from such an introduction. 通过这两句我们可以知道，raccoon在美国被人为地带到很多地方，在引进后它们40年间在犹他盐湖山谷里大量繁殖。所以40年以前还没有把raccoon引进犹他盐湖，选项B正确。其他三个选项不合原文的意思。

5. According to paragraph 3, the introduction of raccoons into Utah's Great Salt Lake Valley appears to have been an example of an introduction that was
A. motivated by a desire to have raccoons among the local wildlife.
B. illegal
C. carried out by hunters who wanted more raccoons to hunt.
D. Unsuccessful
答案：A选项正确

解析：本题根据题干的关键词Utah's Great Salt Lake valley 定位到原文中这一句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another, both legally and illegally, to restock hunting areas and, presumably, because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna. 这一句的最后半句是出题点，说明人们就是单纯地想要raccoon来到他们居住的地方。选项A正确。其余三个选项都没有被提到。

6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as helping to explain the raccoon's dramatic increase in abundance and distribution EXCEPT
A. Raccoons thrive in suburban areas.
B. Hunting raccoons has become illegal in most areas.
C. People enjoy having raccoons as part of their environment.
D. A transplanted raccoon will generally be able to succeed in its new environment.
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题用题干中的dramatic increase和abundance and distribution定位，找到第三段。选项A的依据是as they often thrive in suburban，说明raccoon在郊区很容易繁殖;选项C的依据是because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna，说明人们愿意让raccoon成为自己身边环境里的动物;选项D的依据是As an example of the ease with which transplanted individuals can succeed，说明raccoon的迁移后成功率非常高。只有选项B在原文中并没有提及。选择B。

7. The word "presumably" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. it has been established.
B. it has been incorrectly stated.
C. it can be assumed.
D. it can be demonstrated.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察的单词定位到原文中这一句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another, both legally and illegally, to restock hunting areas and, presumably, because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna. 本句的大意是：在美国，raccoon通常被从一个地方引入另一个地方，合法的引入也有非法的也有，目的是补充生物进入捕猎区，并且可以推测的是，人们也想要raccoon进入他们生活的地区。presumably在这里的意思是推测的，可以假设的。选项A是被建立的，选项B是被错误陈述的，选项C是可以被假设的，选项D是可以被阐述的。选项C最贴合presumably的意思，选择C。

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paragraph 4
8. According to paragraph 4, how has the spread of agriculture affected raccoon populations?
A. The spread of agriculture destroyed some of the raccoon's natural habitats and reduced their populations in Kansas and eastern Colorado.
B. Because of the availability of corn and other cereal grains as a result of the spread of agriculture.
C. The spread of agriculture may have contributed to some raccoon expansion but has not always caused raccoon populations to expand.
D. The spread of agriculture to Kansas and eastern Colorado brought increased raccoon populations in the 1870s and 1880s.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题根据题干中的关键词the spread of agriculture定位到这两句：The raccoon's expansion in various areas may also be due to the spread of agriculture. 和 The expansion of agriculture, however, does not necessarily lead to rapid increases in their abundance. 这两句话的大致意思是：农业的扩张也可能是raccoon扩张的原因之一，但是农业的扩张并不一定会导致raccoon数量的迅速增长。选项C正是这个意思。其他三个选项都是这两句原文的曲解。 

paragraph 5
9. According to paragraph 5, what was true about raccoons before the arrival of European settlers?
A. They were widely distribute throughout the region.
B. There were found mostly in areas of open prairie.
C. They were not found in most of Canada.
D. They had not yet reached the wooded areas of the southeastern portion of the region.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题根据题干关键词before the arrival of European settlers，定位到原文中这一句：Prior to Europeans settling and farming the Great Plains Region, raccoons probably were just found along its rivers and streams and in the wooded areas of its southeastern section. 本句大意是：在欧洲殖民者到来并在大平原上耕作之前，raccoons可能只能在大平原的东南部分的河流或者森林里生存。选项C说raccoons在加拿大大部分地区都没有分布，正确;选项A说它们在大平原分布广泛，错误;选项B说它们最常见的地方是开放的大草原，错误;选项D说它们没有到达大平原的东南部，错误，它们本来就是分布在东南部的。选择C。

10. What can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 5 about coyotes and raccoons in Manitoba?
A. In the 1950s both coyotes and raccoons increased their populations.
B. Coyotes are more difficult to control than raccoons are.
C. Coyotes and raccoons both tend to prefer regions that have rivers, streams, and wooded areas.
D. More evidence is needed to determine if controlling coyotes contributed to raccoon expansion in the 1950s.
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题题干给出的关键词是Manitoba。带着这个关键词定位到第五段中部。出题点在这一句：If their numbers are sufficient coyotes might be able to suppress raccoon populations (though little direct evidence supports this notion). 括号里的文字说明，缺少证据证明coyates的数量增多会对raccoon的数量造成损害。选项D是这句话的同义转述。选项A说两者的数量都有所增长，选项B说coyotes比起raccoon更难控制，选项C说coyotes和raccoon都喜欢有河流或者树木的地方，三者都不符合原文。选择D。

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paragraph 6
11. The word "critical" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. predictable
B. crucial
C. negative
D. Contributing
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察的词汇定位到原文中这一句：The extermination of the wolf from most of the contiguous United States may have been a critical factor in the raccoon's expansion and numerical increase. 本句大意是：狼群的灭绝可能是raccoon扩张和数量增多的关键因素。critical的意思是关键的。选项A是可以预测的，选项B是关键的，选项C是负面的，选项D是有贡献的。选项B最符合critical的意思。选择B。

12. According to paragraph 6, during the eighteenth century, raccoons were abundant only in forests and wooded bottomlands of major rivers mainly because those were the only places where raccoons
A. were relatively safe from conflict with humans.
B. had little trouble finding sufficient food.
C. had some protection from wolves.
D. could find a varied diet or prey.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题的出题点在于这一句：In such areas, their arboreal habits and the presence of hollow den trees should have offered some protection from wolves and other large predators. 本句大意是：在这些地方，这些地区的树木可以保护raccoon免受狼群和其他大型捕食者的伤害。选项C符合。选项A是它们不会和人类产生冲突，选项B是它们可以找到足够的食物，选项D是它们可以找到多样食物，都不合原文意思。选择C。

13. Look at the four squares [ ■ ]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Indeed, raccoons now occur in many parts of Europe and Asia, far outside their natural range.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to insert the sentence in the passage.
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题需要先分析下需要插入的句子：Indeed, raccoons now occur in many parts of Europe and Asia, far outside their natural range. indeed这个词暗示我们这句话和它前面内容是递进关系，now暗示我们可能前文说的是过去的情况，many parts of Europe则暗示了本句周围句子所讲的主题内容。带着这些预设我们一一去尝试四个可插入位置，发现最后一个位置很合适。前面other parts和本句many parts相呼应，两句的意思上构成递进关系，选择D。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in summary because the express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. The Question is worth 2 points
In 1943 raccoon populations in North America began to expand rapidly, probably becoming fifteen to twenty times larger by the late 1980s.
Answers Choices
A. Raccoon populations have grown in part because of expansion into new habitats created by the growth of urban and especially suburban areas and perhaps by the spread of agriculture in some regions.
B. Raccoons have been deliberately introduced throughout the United States and in other parts of the world, and transplanted individuals are often rapidly able to exploit new environments.
C. It is unlikely that raccoon populations will grow in the future at the rate they have since 1943because raccoons have now colonized most of the habitats suitable for them.
D. Raccoons are native species only from southern Canada through Central America, but in the twentieth century they successfully migrated to most other regions of the Western Hemisphere.
E. Raccoons became established in Canada when coyotes expanded into their habitats in the United States.
F. The elimination of wolves from much of the United States was probably essential to raccoon's expansion and numerical increase, and the control of coyotes might also have contributed.
Drag your answer choices to the space where they belong. To remove an answer choice, double click on it.
答案：ABF选项正确

解析：本题需要依次分析每个选项。选项A是说raccoon的扩张状况，概括了第二三段的主要内容，正确;选项B也是讲的raccoon是被人为引入美国以及其他地区的，概括了二三段的内容，正确;选项C说raccoon不大可能继续增加数量，是不对的，根据第二段前三句话我们可以知道，raccoon数量很可能继续增长;选项D说raccoon来自南加拿大，迁移去了西部，与原文相反，不选;选项E说coyotes进入raccoon的美国栖息地后，raccoon迁移去了加拿大，这个原文中没说;选项F说了影响raccoons数量的两个因素，狼和coyotes，总结了第五六段的内容，正确。综合起来选择A，B，F。

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