托福TPO38阅读真题解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO38阅读真题解析：Passage 1。

托福TPO38阅读Passage 1 真题解析 【在线咨询】

Ancient Athens

paragraph 1
1. According to paragraph 1, what happens to the light when a specimen is being viewed with a light microscope?
A. The light continues unchanged directly into the viewer's eye or onto film.
B. A glass lens bends the light to form a magnified image of the specimen.
C. The light is projected onto photographic film to produce a blurred image.
D. The intensity of the light increases a thousand times.
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题根据the light，specimen和a light microscope定位到第一段这几句：The first microscopes were light microscopes, which work by passing visible light through a specimen. Glass lenses in the microscope bend the light to magnify the image of the specimen and project the image into the viewer's eye or onto photographic film. 第二句讲了光学显微镜的原理，就是折射光以放大标本的图像，并且把图像投射到观察者的眼睛里或者投射到胶卷上。选项B符合这句话的前半句，正确。选项A说光不需要折射直接进入人的眼睛，错误;选项C说投射到胶卷上的光形成模糊的影像，从后文我们知道不一定是模糊的，错误;选项D说光的强度增加了一千倍，无中生有，错误。选择B。

paragraph 2
2. Why does the author mention "a telescope" as part of the discussion of microscopes?
A. To show how microscopes and telescopes are different.
B. To emphasize the importance of magnification in all optical devices.
C. To explain how the development of the microscope depended on the invention of the telescope.
D. To illustrate the concept of resolving power.
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题根据a telescope定位到第二段这两句：Resolving power is the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as separate. For example, what looks to the unaided eye like a single star in the sky may be resolved as two stars with the help of a telescope. 第一句讲resolving power是什么，第二句用望远镜类比，帮助读者理解这个概念。选项D正确。选项A说展示显微镜和望远镜的不同，选项B说说明光学设施中放大的重要性，选项C说解释为什么显微镜的发展依赖于望远镜，都不对。选择D。

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. A light microscope has the power to greatly magnify a bacterium that is smaller than 0.2 micrometers.
B. A light microscope can only resolve objects 0.2 micrometers or larger, so it cannot show the interior form of a cell.
C. The smallest bacterium has a complex internal structure that can be seen with a light microscope.
D. The greater the magnifying power of a light microscope, the greater its ability to resolve the internal structure of a cell.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题先找到高亮出来的句子：The light microscope cannot resolve detail finer than 0.2 micrometers, about the size of the smallest bacterium; consequently, no matter how many times its image of such a bacterium is magnified, the light microscope cannot show the details of the cell's internal structure. 这句话主干的意思大致是：光学显微镜的放大倍数有限，到了0.2毫米以后就不能放大细节了，以至于不论它能放大多少倍，我们都看不到细胞内部的细节。选项C说光学显微镜只能看清楚0.2毫米更大的东西，不能展示细胞内部，是本句的同义转述，正确。选项A 说光学显微镜可以看清楚比0.2毫米小的东西，选项C说最小的细菌的内部结构可以被光学显微镜看清，选项D说光学显微镜的放大能力越强，看清楚细胞内部结构的能力也越强，都不对。选择C。

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paragraph 3
4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the scientific contribution of Robert Hooke?
A. His discovery of cells resulted from the examination of animal tissue rather than plant tissue.
B. He was the first person to develop and explain cell theory.
C. He discovered cells using a light microscope.
D. The full significance of his work was first understood in the mid-nineteenth
century.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题题干关键词是Robert Hooke，定位回第三段这一句：From the year 1665, when English microscopist Robert Hooke discovered cells, until the middle of the twentieth century, biologists had only light microscopes for viewing cells. 本句大意是从1665到20世纪中期，只有光学显微镜。所以在这个时期里的Robert Hooke用的也是光学显微镜发现了细胞。选项C正确。选项A和D原文中都没有提到过，选项B说的develop和explain原文中也没有提，只是发现。这三个选项都不对。选择C。

paragraph 4
5. The word "giant" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. Huge
B. expected
C. complex
D. Sudden
答案：A选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察的词汇定位到原文中这一句：Our knowledge of cell structure took a giant leap forward as biologists began using the electron microscope in the 1950s. 本句的大意是：我们对于细胞结构认识的跨越在生物学家在1950年左右开始用电子显微镜后实现了大的跨越。此处giant的含义是巨大的。选项A是巨大的，选项B是期待的，选项C是复杂的，选项D是突然的。选项A最符合giant的意思，选择A。

6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of electron microscopes?
A. They do not use light to magnify and resolve objects.
B. They can magnify the internal structure of a single atom.
C. Their earliest versions were not significantly more powerful than light microscopes.
D. They had to be modified extensively for their use in biology research.
答案：A选项正确

解析：本题需要根据electron microscope定位到第四段这一句：Instead of light, the electron microscope uses a beam of electrons and has a much higher resolving power than the light microscope. 本句的大致意思是电子显微镜使用一束电子而不是光束，它具有比光学显微镜更高的分辨能力。选项A说电子显微镜不用光束，正确。其余三个选项都没有提到。选择A。

7. The word "detect" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. change
B. reveal
C. combine
D. Enlarge
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察单词定位到本文中这一句：Only under special conditions can electron microscopes detect individual atoms. 本句大意是：只有在特定情况下，电子显微镜才可以探测出单个的原子。detect在本句里的意思是探测。选项A是改变，选项B是揭露，选项C是结合，选项D是变大。选项B最贴合detect的意思。选择B。

paragraph 5
8. According to paragraph 5, what is the role of metal in the scanning electron microscope?
A. It magnifies the light that passes through the cells.
B. It coats the surface of cells with protective cover.
C. It enables the production of images showing the surface structure of cells.
D It reveals details hidden underneath the surfaces of cells.
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题题干给出的关键词是the role of metal和scanning electron microscope，根据这两个短语定位到第五段中间的两句话：It uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a cell or group of cells that have been coated with metal. The metal stops the beam from going through the cells. When the metal is hit by the beam, it emits electrons. The electrons are focused to form an image of the outside of the cells. The scanning electron microscope produces images that look three-dimensional. 这几句的大意是：电子显微镜用一束电子来扫描细胞表面，细胞表面是被一层金属包裹的。这层金属表面阻止了电子束穿过细胞。这层金属层可以反射电子，形成细胞外层的三维图像。所以这层金属的作用是帮助电子显微镜成像。选择C。选项A说可以放大像，选项B说可以作为保护层，选项D说可以揭示细胞内部细节，都不对。选择C。

9. The word "emits" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. transfers
B. excites
C. sends out
D. speeds up
答案：C选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察单词定位到本文中这一句：When the metal is hit by the beam, it emits electrons. 本句大意是：当电子束被金属击中时，会放射出电子。emit在这句话中的意思是放射，发出。选项A的意思是转化，选项B的意思是使激动，选项C的意思是发射，放出，选项D的意思是加速。选项C最贴合emit的意思，选择C。

10. According to paragraphs 5 and 6, the transmission electron microscope differs from the scanning electron microscope in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A. Specimens viewed by transmission electron microscopes are divided into cross sections.
B. The transmission electron microscope uses electromagnets as lenses.
C. The transmission electron microscope passes an electron beam through a specimen.
D. The transmission electron microscope focuses on the inner structure of a cell.
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题题干给的关键词是differ from和两种显微镜transmission electron microscope，scanning electron microscope。本题各个选项的依据分布在第六段。选项A的依据是Specimens are cut into extremely thin sections，正确;选项B的依据是the transmission electron microscope uses electromagnets as lenses, as do all electron microscopes，选项B错误，因为不是differ from的点，而是相同的点;选项C的依据是a light microscope aims a beam of light through a specimen，正确;选项D的依据是is used to study the details of internal cell structure，正确。选择B。

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paragraph 7
During11. The word "Nonetheless" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. Basically
B. In a way
C. In addition
D. However
答案：D选项正确

解析：本题根据所考察单词定位到这两句：Electron microscopes have truly revolutionized the study of cells and cell organelles. Nonetheless, they have not replaced the light microscope. 这两句话的大致意思是：电子显微镜的确改革了细胞和细胞器的研究。然而，它们并不能代替光学显微镜。Nonetheless的意思是然而，表转折。选项A是基本上，选项B是在某种程度上，选项C是还有，选项D是然而。选项D最贴合nonetheless的意思，选择D。

12. Look at the four squares [ ■ ]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Live organisms, therefore, would not survive while being observed with an electron microscope.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■ ] to insert the sentence in the passage.
答案：B选项正确

解析：本题需要先分析下需要插入的句子：Live organisms, therefore, would not survive while being observed with an electron microscope. 这句里有therefore，意为着前一句是原因，这一句是结果。本句的大意是活着的有机体是不能活着被电子显微镜观察的。依次尝试四个可以插入的位置，发现第二个位置比较好，前面也是在讲电子显微镜不能观察活着的有机物，与需要插入的句子构成逻辑关系。后文针对这个问题提出解决方案即用光学显微镜，这三句话之间的逻辑链合理完整。选择B。

13. Directions: Select from the seven phrases below the 2 phrases that correctly characterize Electron Microscopes and the 3 phrases that correctly characterize Light Microscopes. Drag each phrase you select into the appropriate column of the table. Two of the phrases will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
Answers Choices
A. Their lenses are made of glass.
B. They use magnetism to bring images into focus.
C. They were invented in the mid-1800s.
D. They are used to study living specimens.
E. They can produce images that appear three-dimensional.
F. They cannot resolve the internal structure of small cells.
G. They can usually resolve details smaller than the size of an atom.
Light Microscopes
Electron Microscopes
答案：ADF BE选项正确

解析：本题需要我们依次找到每个选项在原文中出现的地方。选项A是在第一段第三句，讲光学显微镜;选项B是在第六段最后一句，讲电子显微镜;选项C是在第三段最后一句，但是mid-1800s并不是这两种显微镜的发明时间，不选;选项D是在第七段第三句，讲光学显微镜;选项E是在第五段最后一句，讲电子显微镜;选项F是在第二段最后一句，讲光学显微镜;选项G是在第四段倒数第三句，但是smaller than是不对的，应该是bigger than，错误不选。综上，light microscope是A，D，F;electron microscope是B和E。

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