【雅思写作】如何增强多样性

雅思写作如果是一味地模拟写作模板就会使得文章显得刻板无味，取得高分也无望了。在雅思写作评分标准中，有一项是考察考生的用语多样性的，所以如何使得文章变得更加有趣也是考生们需要考虑的方面。青岛新通外语在此给大家提供一点关于丰富雅思写作的建议，希望对大家有所帮助。

1词性的多样性

有调查指出，中国学生在作文中最常出现的词性为动词，因为我们脑中时刻紧记着以前语文老师要求的只有用动词才能写出生动的文章，才能体现我们的 博览群书。然而英语中却不尽然。通过对大多高分范文的分析，不难发现，除了动词词组的运用，各种的名词的使用更得考官的青睐，更能体现外国人的文风。拿小 作文的发展趋势做例子，大家都知道增加、降低等动词的表达，如increase steadily, decrease sharply等，但转换一种方式用名词的形式表达，就更显得多样了,如experience a steady increase, undergo a sharp decrease。而如“surface”一词，学生经常只会用它的名词用法“......的表面”，却从来不用它的动词形式。如果你留心原版杂志和阅读 材料,它的动词用法无处不在。例如“The fact of his plan surfaced”这里的“surface”就相当于“appear”。所以不管什么词性，只要用了不能的表达方法，其结果都是不同的。当然是指正确的表 达方法。、

雅思写作和其他考场作文一样，受考查形式的制约，其评判本身是存在一定局限性的。换句话说，考官并不了解考生真实的写作能力，或者具体到词汇量 的大小，他只能根据这几百个单词的文章来进行判断，所以从应试的角度来说，词汇量相对有限的考生只要使文章中词汇 “显得比较丰富”就可以了。做到这点，主要有两个方法:

第一、同义转换。设想碰到一个懂中文的外国人，他在和你交谈的过程中涉及到钱的话题，他不光会说中文的人民币、钞票，还会说大团结、老人头，甚 至连孔方兄都知道，你会觉得他的中文词汇量小么?同样的，一篇雅思作文中，如果你在表达“重要”这个出现频率极高的意思的时候，除了important以 外，还可以把crucial,critical, vital, indispensable等词信手拈来的话，有什么理由让考官觉得你的词汇量不足呢，当然，或许你也就只积累了几个写作中高频出现的词汇而已，但效果已 经达到了，不是么?

第二、词汇活用。阅读一些雅思官方范文，可以看到，很多词不难，但是用得很恰当，自己以前没有这样用过，这就是范文的高明之处了。词汇量一方面 是指认知词汇的广度，但另一方面就是掌握词汇的深度了。很多词汇，我们认识，但不一定完全会用，比如benefit这个词，它既可以做名词，表示利益，好 处，也可以做动词，及物时表示使……受益，不及物时表示从……中受益，还可以衍生出beneficial有益处的和beneficiary受益人。因此如 果要表达某事物带来好处这个意思，光用benefit这个词的不同用法，就可以有五种以上的表达方式，更不用提句型的变化和同义词的替换了。况且，把已经 认知的词进行用法上的拓展，远比记忆一个新词要省时省力，而需要做的仅仅只是平时碰到的时候，记上一笔。

2 同义词多样性

在写作中，如果一个相同的词在250字的文中出现了不下三次，那么作为学生自己，也会觉得自己的文章没有可看性，更别提考官，可见此学生语言功 底一般，又怎么拿得到高分。而如果一篇文章，关于同个词却有三四中表达方法，无疑给这篇文章加分不少。其实同义词也是展现一个学生英语水平的一个媒介。中 国学生最常用的形容词就是good，不管是修饰什么名词，用上再说，殊不知这已经给这篇文章打了个相对低的起评分，所以如何来表达不同的“好”呢?我们就 可以用excellent、marvellous、gorgeous、splendid、wonderful等。再如不要一想到“越来越多”就用 “more and more”尝试用“an increasing number”这样不同的词来表达，势必会给平淡的文章增添亮点。

3句式结构的多样性

用丰富多彩的句型，也是雅思写作能得高分的标准之一。例如有这样一个句型：“If we don't recognize the...”，我们是否可以替换为："Failure to recognize..."，再如 “sth. happened in 1998.”，我们也可以替换为“1998 saw sth happening.”，这样显得更加的地道。此处还推荐学生能用不同的从句写出漂亮的句子，为文章加分。当然，这并不是意味着整篇文章都是复合句或并列 句，如果能很好的做到长短句结合，使文章通顺连贯，也是能得到考官喜欢的。

开头的多样化雅思写作句式：

A Begin sentence with an appositive

The forest ranger, an expert in forest fire control, talked to the campers about safety in the woods.

An expert in forest fire control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.

the country’s biggest cellular operator, China Mobile is looking at tighter controls on Internet-related service providers, industry insiders say.

B Begin a sentence with an adverb

The fog was slowly settling down.

Slowly the fog was settling down.

Obviously enough, he himself can not handle the trouble by himself.

C Begin a sentence with an adjective or adjective phrase

Mr Boyd was very angry and began to defend his reputation with strong arguments.

Angry, Mr Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong argument.

Tired and frustrated, the teacher went home to have a rest.

D Begin sentences with participle phrases

I jogged very day and increased my energy level.

Jogging every day, I soon increased my energy level.

Tim was troubled by a dream and he woke up with a start.

Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.

Witnessed by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and leaders of the 10-mem ber ASEAN, Chinese Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai signed the agreement with 10 economic ministers of the ASEAN countries.

E Begin sentences with an infinitive phrase

You must attend every class to succeed in a course.

To succeed in a course, you must attend every class.

F Begin sentences with a prepositional phrase

Madame Curie was an industrious worker in the scientific laboratory.

In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.

Under a new scheme, established SPs can become pure content providers and China Mobile may seek a bigger portion of the shared revenues.

In the short term, operators will not abandon SPs.

For China Mobile, a dramatic change in its partnership scheme may be harmful.

G Begin sentences with clause modifiers

He did not want to rewrite the paper because he was tired and hungry and discouraged.

Because he was tired and hungry and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the paper.

You may regret in leisure what you impulsively do in haste.

What you impulsively do in haste you may regret in leisure.

E Begin sentences with an infinitive phrase

You must attend every class to succeed in a course.

To succeed in a course, you must attend every class.

F Begin sentences with a prepositional phrase

Madame Curie was an industrious worker in the scientific laboratory.

In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.

Under a new scheme, established SPs can become pure content providers and China Mobile may seek a bigger portion of the shared revenues.

In the short term, operators will not abandon SPs.

For China Mobile, a dramatic change in its partnership scheme may be harmful.

G Begin sentences with clause modifiers

He did not want to rewrite the paper because he was tired and hungry and discouraged.

Because he was tired and hungry and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the paper.

You may regret in leisure what you impulsively do in haste.

What you impulsively do in haste you may regret in leisure.

雅思写作多样化的效果体现还是需要考生扎扎实实地提高实力的，但与此同时，要有针对性、有策略地进行准备，特别是在备考时间有限的情况下，更要科学高效地“磨刀”，做个聪明的“砍柴工”。

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