托福综合写作连接词使用错误分析

笔者在教学实践中发现，由于逻辑教育的缺失和英语语言输入的不足，中国考生在写作中常出现各种连接词使用错误，导致失分。现将两种常见情形小结如下。

1. 连接词与主从复合句

在复合句中，引导从句的连接词表明了主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，是句子结构的重要节点。由于句子结构长而复杂，写作时容易出现错误。如下例：

First, though the passage suggests that the polluted sources would weaken the otters' ability to survive and therefore lead to their death. The professor argues in the lecture that since there is no dead body found by the shore, the predator hypothesis could explain why the body would disappear immediately.

此例中，though引导的让步状语从句和其后的主句应属于同一个复合句，但作者错误地使用了句号断句。第二个例子的错误情况与之类似：

Finally, the author of the reading passage claims that the uncommon pattern of otter decline is caused by the pollution, whereas the lecture asserts that predator theory provides a better explanation. Because in some shallow and rocky place which is inaccessible to ocars, the number of sea otter is stable.

此例中，because本应用于引导原因状语从句，但其后的in...结构只是一个短语（地点状语）。结合前句，because带起的句子显然是对之前predator theory provides a better explanation的原因的解释，即前句是because从句的主句，所以不应该以句号断句。

笔者发现，学员在学习使用综合写作模板时极易出现此类错误：由于句子较长，写到后半句时对整句结构的语感已经丧失，故而没有注意主句和从句之间的关系，对模板句型不假思索直接套用。

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2. 句间连接词类型

连接词是体现句子与句子之间的逻辑关系的重要标志，每种逻辑关系的表达都有许多相应类型的连接词可供使用。但笔者发现，不少学员对句间逻辑不够敏感，时常出现连接词选择错误，导致语段逻辑关系混乱。如下例：

First, though the reading passage suggests that salvage logging would make room for new trees to grow, which helps the area in ruin to recover, the professor argues in the lecture that the removing of trees would lead to a lack of soil nutrition which plays an important role in further growth of new trees. What’s more, the dead trees would become a useful nutrition in the soil.

 此例中的what is more是一种典型的递进关系连接词，常用于不同分论点之间的衔接。结合上下文，不难发现the dead trees would become a useful nutrition in the soil应该是a lack of soil nutrition的原因，也就是说此处根本不应存在递进关系，而应该是因果关系，应选用because或since等词。

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