雅思写作：Task 2常用的论证方法

在多年教授雅思写作的过程中，发现学生在雅思Task 2 的写作时，存在的一个主要问题是主题段在写作的时候缺少逻辑性和对观点进行充分的论证，直接导致在评分时Coherence and coherence 以及Grammatical ranges and accuracy 方面得分较低。究其主要原因，是由于论证方法的单一性，缺少多样性所引起的；同时这也引起了在构思主题段时论点的提出。所以在实际教学中，我会重点给学生讲授如何运用多种的论证方式来构思和展开，实际教学効果显著，学生的写作成绩提高也较快。

基本论证方法
　　1.列举法：列举观点、理由等
　　常用联接词：in the first place, to begin with, firstly, apart from, on the one hand, in addition to, next, after that, moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, then, for one thing, for another, on the other hand, finally, last but not least….

Homework has many merits. Apart from helping students do better on tests, homework help students review and practice what had been taught in class. Homework helps retention and understanding; Furthermore, it helps students exercise their time management and organisational skills.

2.举例法：
　　常用联接词：for example, for instance, such as, namely, take something for example….

Television has negative effects on people. For instance, television commercials distort the truth about products. Crime films encourage violence and television documentaries stop people from thinking independently.
The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport , art or music.

3.因果法：一是先果后因；二是先因后果
　　常用联接词： because, as, since + sentence; due to, owing to, result from + n./noun phrase (to give a reason);
　　therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, because of this, hence, thus, thereby, for this reason + sentence; lead to, result in + n. (to give a result)

Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent.

4.比较法：通过对两个以上的事或人进行对比。
　　常用联接词：To add a similar idea: likewise, similarly, at the same time, still, also;
　　To add an opposite idea: in contrast, instead, on the contrary, unlike, while, whilst, however, although, even though….

Eg. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level.

其他论证方法
　　-下定义；
　　雅思考题之一：
　　A research reveals that one of the causes for youth crime is called “Peer Group Pressure”. What is it? What are the influences on children as well as the society?
　　Peer group pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behaviour in order to conform to group norms.

-解释说明
　　When watching TV commercials, you can zero in on your potential choice by comparing the essential aspects of the advertised cars, including the price, the properties of the engine, the color, as well as the appearance.

-引用
　　Individual greed and selfishness are not something new. “The love of money is the root of all kinds of evil.”

-假设
　　Advertisements do have positive aspects. Suppose you have made your decision to buy a car, but you feel lost at what brand is your choice. Fortunately, advertisements come for your rescue.

For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.

让步
　　While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long.

推荐专家
	姓名：王立娥   电话：0532-80971857 电子邮箱：sophieqdwang@shinyway 所在地点：青岛市闽江路2号国华经典B座1001 咨询国家/地区：null
【专业资历】
毕业于英国斯旺西大学英语教学专业，从事多年雅思、托福的语言教学工作，教学经验丰富，擅长根据学生的具体情况因材施教，教学风格细腻、风趣、严谨， 深入浅出，容易掌握。最受学生欢迎。学员评价：耐心、细致、偱循善诱、容易接受
【成功案例】
唐同学，15个小时的写作课，雅思作文从4.5分提高到6分；于同学，短期阅读培训后，取得雅思8.5分的高分。