很多初涉GRE写作学习的童鞋，都会觉得GRE写作一定很难。诚然，不管是从语言使用能力、逻辑思维方式，GRE考试比雅思、托福考试，对各位童鞋提出了更高的要求。但是还是请大家放心，只要我们掌握学习的方法，不管考试时我们抽到了什么样的写作题目，我们都能轻松、从容面对，迎刃而解哒。杭州新通外语教授GRE写作的张昱Nancy老师就要教大家一些小窍门，帮助各位考生能够快速攻破GRE写作这只“纸老虎”。
GRE写作总共考两道题目。其中一道是很多童鞋之前都没有接触的argument题型。
题型的特征是：给出一篇长达150词左右的阅读材料，要求考生经过阅读，识别出其中存在的逻辑错误，并且在30分钟内完成对于这些问题的论述，指出材料中的结论是存在纰漏的。
所以要完成argument写作，其中有一个必须掌握的知识点就是我们要能够知道在材料中高频出现的逻辑问题：因果逻辑错误、类比错误、盈利问题、数据类错误、建议问题、主观性存疑等。那么今天Nancy老师着重要跟大家分享的就是其中类比错误的识别。类比错误主要有三种情况：1）对象类比错误；2）整体推部分；3）部分推整体；4）过去推现在或未来。我们在今天主要探讨前两种错误情况的表现形式以及识别的方法。
1）对象类比错误
“对象类比错误”的意思是：我们会把A的情况直接安在B的身上，希望得到一样的结果，但是却忽略了A和B之间的个体差异性。
举一个很简单的例子：某网红使用了某高端品牌爽肤水后告诉粉丝们，这款爽肤水用完感觉皮肤很水润，一点都不紧绷。所以大家如果想要皮肤水润，就可以试试这个产品。很多粉丝听了之后都会纷纷购买。但是该网红的肤质和粉丝们的肤质并不一样，很有可能这个爽肤水适合网红的肤质，但是其他人用了可能不会产生一样的效果，甚至可能会过敏等等。
接下来我们来具体看一篇阅读材料，看看大家能否在argument真题的阅读材料里准确识别出该类型的错误：
In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago. (OG13)
在这篇阅读材料中，作者主张P县应该效仿B县来采取同样的道路改善工程，来减少交通事故。但是我们知道不同的地方情况不同。在B县该措施起到来非常好的效果，但是在P县如果想要减少交通事故，可能最关键的措施并非是要改善路况，也许P县本身路况条件已经非常好了，但是很多人安全驾驶的意识不高，需要提高市民安全驾驶的意识、对肇事者加强处罚力度、提高驾照考试难度等。所以P县即便效仿B县也不一定收获预期的结果。
2）整体推部分
“整体推部分”的错误类型表现为：误以为个体的情况与整体的情况一致。
很多阅读材料中会提到全国情况如何如何，进而得出结论：某地的情况也是如此。比如“中国GDP很高，所以中国的西北地区GDP也很高”。通过这个例子，很多童鞋就会发现，整体情况不一定代表部分情况。就好比学校里的实验班学生的平均学术成绩很好，但我们并不能说其中的某一位同学他的学习成绩也一定很好，他恰恰可能是班里的倒数几名，每次考试都拖全班后推的那个。
同样，我们用一道真题来检测一下，各位同学是否已经明白了这一种错误形式。
The following appeared in an editorial in a business magazine.
"Although the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined over the past two years, a recent survey of video-game players suggests that this sales trend is about to be reversed. The survey asked video-game players what features they thought were most important in a video game. According to the survey, players prefer games that provide lifelike graphics, which require the most up-to-date computers. Whirlwind has just introduced several such games with an extensive advertising campaign directed at people ten to twenty-five years old, the age-group most likely to play video games. It follows, then, that the sales of Whirlwind video games are likely to increase dramatically in the next few months.”(OG55)
很多玩家接受采访时，说自己喜欢生动画面的游戏。所以Whirlwind就针对10-25岁玩家（最喜欢玩电子游戏的年龄段）推出了若干有生动画面的游戏。但是接受采访的玩家情况，不一定完全代表10-25岁玩家的喜好情况。所以可能这些新推出的游戏在这些玩家中依然不会很吃香。
好啦，那么了解了这两种类比错误情况后，我们来看一篇阅读材料，各位童鞋可以检测一下自己是否可以发现其中的逻辑错误了呢？
We recommend that Monarch Books open a café in its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the café would attract more customers. Space could be made for the café by discontinuing the children’s book section, which will probably become less popular given that the most recent national census indicated a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten. Opening a café will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened its own café. (OG7)
欢迎各位童鞋把你的答案发送到我们公众号的后台哟，期待你的回复鸭！
