托福阅读之修辞目的题

 就目前沸沸扬扬的托福考试改革这个话题而言，其实大家都应该知道，托福阅读部分的难度是不会因为少了几道题而有所下降的。少了的无非还是词汇题或者个别事实信息题而已。所以在平时的训练中，基本功还是要非常扎实，这才是“制胜法宝”。

今天我们还是就托福阅读中的一道题型进行细致讲解。就是修辞目的。众所周知，修辞目的考查的是学生对于细节背后所支撑论点的把控。作者说这个细节到底是为了什么。

Paragraph 2: The term "fossil" often implies petrifaction, literally a transformation into stone. After the death of an organism, the soft tissue is ordinarily consumed by scavengers and bacteria. The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. Indeed, unaltered shells of marine invertebrates are known from deposits over 100 million years old. In many marine creatures, however, the skeleton is composed of a mineral variety of calcium carbonate called aragonite. Although aragonite has the same composition as the more familiar mineral known as calcite, it has a different crystal form, is relatively unstable, and in time changes to the more stable calcite.

3.Why does the author mention "aragonite" in the passage?(3)

To emphasize that some fossils remain unaltered for millions of years

To contrast fossil formation in organisms with soft tissue and in organisms with hard shells

To explain that some marine organisms must undergo chemical changes in order to fossilize

To explain why fossil shells are more likely to survive than are fossil skeletons

这篇是讲跟化石形成相关的一篇文章。我们来了解一下。首先，我们还是先看一下题干，作者为什么要提到 "aragonite"，具体这是什么意思，很多首考学生或者词汇量还不是非常好的同学，也不必太过于担心。特殊名词在原文中，多少都有背景环境，通过环境，我们是会大概了解它是什么。

接下来文章的理解，对于最后一道六选三的题目来讲，段落理解是务必要非常完整的。如果时间非常紧张，我们才不得已选择定位-做题的模式。文章首句就告诉我们“化石”的含义。The term "fossil" often implies petrifaction, literally a transformation into stone. 接下来进一步解释形成过程。After the death of an organism, the soft tissue is ordinarily consumed by scavengers and bacteria. The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. 有机体死亡后，软组织通常被食腐动物和细菌所吞噬。蜗牛或蛤蜊的空壳可能会被留下，如果它足够耐久和抗溶解，它可能会在很长一段时间内基本保持不变。接下来indeed来强调，进一步解释多长时间保持不变。 Indeed, unaltered shells of marine invertebrates are known from deposits over 100 million years old.接下来的这句，however，开始转折。 In many marine creatures, however, the skeleton is composed of a mineral variety of calcium carbonate called aragonite. 然而，在许多海洋生物中，骨骼是由一种叫做霰石的碳酸钙矿物组成的。我们从这句中了解到 我们题干的关键词是一种化学物质。接下来下一句 Although aragonite has the same composition as the more familiar mineral known as calcite, it has a different crystal form, is relatively unstable, and in time changes to the more stable calcite.霰石虽然与我们所熟知的方解石成分相同，但其晶体形态不同，相对不稳定，随着时间的推移，它会变成方解石。

所以作者说到 aragonite其实还是想强调一种变化。而能体现出变化的选项是C。

大家一定要注意，修辞目的题目的处理不一定是非要看定位句前面的句子的。正确精准的把控句间关系才能更好的解题，同时也会为后面的题目做好铺垫。如果同学们想了解更多托福考试解题技巧，或者想了解托福课程，可以拨打 >>>400-618-8866 或 >>>【点击此处咨询】，得到新通西安语言培训顾问的专业解答！