托福TPO23 lecture3海洋生物解析

 首先我们可以整理一下在托福TPO中生物文章的主要内容和常见结构。

动物行为类

包括冬眠，觅食，交配等常见动物行为，文章会介绍某种动物行为然后举例说明。

动物进化

可能会和历史类文章结合，涉及多个理论，要注意教授对于每个理论的评价。

动植物的灭绝和保护

一般人有关，可能会涉及环境破坏，人类干预物种入侵生态系统重建等等话题。可能会考察人类如何保护生态环境，以及相关的政策，教授对此的态度。

动物以及植物特点

有时候先介绍动物的某一种特点，然后用给出几点说明。

动植物适应环境

涉及到动物为了适应环境，身体部位或者一些特定的行为发生了变化。

现在用TPO23 lecture3部分题目为例来讲解一下生物文章的考点和结构

首先文章开头给了一幅海豚的解刨图。所以可以先大胆假设，这篇文章一定会讲解动物的身体结构和相应功能。

现在来看第一题

1 What is the lecture mainly about?

A. Parts of the dolphin's anatomy that allow it to navigate.

B. Two different types of communication used by dolphins.

C. The way that dolphins store air while swimming underwater.

D. The meanings of different signals used by dolphins.

在A选项中我们看到了anatomy一词，符合我们的判断，可以先行选择。

或者更保险的方式我们来看一下原文

We have been talking about (过去)how sea animals find their way underwater, how they navigate, and this brings up an interesting puzzle, and one I'm sure you'll all enjoy. I mean, everybody loves dolphins, right?

And dolphins, well, they actually produce two types of sounds. Uh, one being the vocalizations you are probably all familiar with, which they emit through their blowholes. But the one we are concerned with today (现在)is the rapid clicks that they use for echolocation, so they can sense what is around them. These sounds, it has been found, are produced in the air-filled nasal sacs of the dolphin.

但是我们今天关心是快速点击他们使用回声定位,所以他们可以感知周围。据发现，这些声音是由海豚充满空气的鼻囊发出的。说明了回声定位可能会涉及的体部位。确定答案为A

第二题

2 Why does the professor discuss the speed at which sound travels?

A. To describe why sounds made under water can travel long distances.

B. To show why a person cannot hear a dolphin well when it is under water.

C. To compare the speed of two different sounds made by dolphins.

D. To explain how sound waves behave when crossing from one medium into another.

功能题

原文And the puzzle is (翻译为问题是。这句话揭示后面应有问题与解释。解答问题的部分为考点)how do the click sounds get transmitted into water. It's not as easy as it might seem.(这部分为问题)

You see, (开始解答)the denser the medium, the faster sound travels. So sound travels faster through water than it does through air.

你看，介质越密集，声音传播得就越快。所以声音在水中传播的速度比在空气中快。选择D选项

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