新通北京外语暑假一起学雅思/托福系列，分为教师导学、考前预测机、听说读写集锦和烤童心经等几个栏目，今天上线的教师导学第一篇文章，来自我们的新通北京外语雅思阅读达人李傲男老师的《雅思阅读长难句分析（一）》，还在阅读里脱不开身的烤童们，赶紧看过来！
1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.
翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。
词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂
a certain 某一
publish v. 出版
under the title 名叫……，题为……
分析：
主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句）
独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages
The first of these 逻辑主语
Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语
状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语）
2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.
翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。
词汇：
Chaos n. 混乱，紊乱
Rise n. 兴起
Associate v. 联系，联想
Middle class n. 中产阶级
Anxious a. 焦急的，渴望的；令人焦虑的
Circumscribe vt. 限制，制约；划定……的范围
Conquer v. 征服
Lexical a. 词汇的；词典的
分析：
主干部分：the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class
状语成分：Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos
定语从句：who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.
3.It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.
翻译：塞缪尔·约翰逊是18世纪文学家的代表人物，他在当时就已像今天一样享誉盛名，他于中产阶级的黄金时代伊始时出版了《词典》一书，此举大大满足了时代的需求。
词汇：
Appropriate a. 合适的，适当的
Heyday n. 全盛期，黄金时代
Samuel Johnson n. 塞缪尔·约翰逊 (1709年9月7日-1784年12月3日)常被称为约翰逊博士(Dr. Johnson) ; 英国历史上最有名的文人之一; 集文评家、诗人、散文家、传记家于一身。
分析：
这句话的主句是It is highly appropriate that，it在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是that所引导的句子。It is ... that...表示强调语气。
主干成分：Dr Samuel Johnson should have published his Dictionary.
同位语：the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man作Samuel Johnson的同位语
定语：as famous in his own time as in ours （as...as结构：像……一样）
状语：at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.
4.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.
翻译：他的传记作者詹姆斯·鲍威尔描述了约翰逊工作的阁楼“装修得像间财务室”，一张长桌横立于屋子的正中间，誊写员们在桌子两旁站着工作。
词汇：
Biographer n. 传记作家
Garret n. 顶楼，阁楼
Fit up 装配，装备
Copying clerk 誊写员
分析：
在这个长句里，主干成分是James Boswell described the garret。His biographer作主语的同位语，where是关系代词，引导了一个定语从句，修饰garret。
现在分词Running down the middle作desk的定语，at which引导的句子作desk的定语从句。
5.The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.
翻译：（众所周知，四十位法国学者曾花了整整四十年才使得第一部法语词典诞生，）然而约翰逊却独自承担起了整个欧洲学术界的工作，其结果出色之程度也与法语词典不相上下，这使得英国人倍感骄傲。
词汇：
Academies of Europe 欧洲学术界
Take on 承担
Match v. （数量或质量）与……不相上下
celebration
分析：
这个长句中，The fact是主语，“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”为the fact的同位语，是一个以that引导的同位语从句。括号里的整个部分是状语成分，起到解释说明的作用。剩下的部分跟主语一起，The fact was cause of much English celebration是主系表结构的主句。
6. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’.
翻译：尽管存在着错误和古怪之处，他的两册词典依然是杰作，是里程碑，用他自己的话来说，这部词典“确立了拼字法，体现了词汇辨析，规范了结构，明释了英文单词的含义”。
词汇：
For all 尽管，虽然
Eccentricity n. 古怪，反常
Two-volume adj. 两卷的，两册的
Landmark n. 里程碑
Orthography n. 正确拼字
Analogy n. 类推
Ascertain vt. 查明，弄清
Signification n. 含义
分析：
这句话的主干成分是：His two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark。前面的For all its faults and eccentricities是for all引导的让步状语；in his own words及后面引用的部分作解释说明的作用。
7.The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲ to offer him a pension.
翻译：《词典》与他的其他作品一起，使约翰逊扬名四海，备受推崇，以至于他的朋友们说服了乔治三世，赐予他一笔抚恤金。
词汇：
So…that 如此…以至于….
Esteemed adj. <书>受人尊敬的
Prevail v. 说服，劝服
Pension n. 抚恤金
分析：
这句话由The Dictionary作主语，together…writing是插入语，made是谓语动词，Johnson作宾语，famous and so well esteemed作宾语补足语，so…that引导了一个结果状语从句。
主干成分是：The Dictionary made Johnson famous and so well esteemed.
8.Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning.
翻译：与从前的词典编纂者不同，约翰逊选择了十分务实地处理英语，他注重英语的实际使用，把握不同程度上的意思差别。
词汇：
Predecessor n. 前任，前辈
Practically adv. 实际地
Living adj. 活着的；在使用的
Shade n. 浓浅深淡，色度
分析：
这句话的主干成分是Johnson treated English very practically，其余的部分都作状语。
9.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations, drawn from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time.
翻译：词典编纂工程量极大，在没有图书馆可供查阅的情况下，约翰逊写满了八十大本笔记，他写了超过四万条单词的词语定义，并从由英语写作的不同学科资料中摘出了差不多十一万四千条引用来说明这些单词纷繁复杂的含义，他所用的引用可追溯到伊丽莎白时代。
词汇：
Immense adj. 巨大的
To hand 在手头，近在手边
Illustrate v. 说明，举例说明
Quotation n. 引用
Draw…from 从…召集（选择）
The Elizabethans 伊丽莎白时代
分析：这个句子由三个子句构成：第一个子句是主系表结构：The work was immense；第二个子句是Johnson wrote…words；第三个是Johnson illustrated…quotations，drawn…subject作定语修饰quotations，from…time作时间状语。前面的filling about…hand全部是状语成分。
10．Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius.
翻译：约翰逊是位诗人，也是个评论家，是他将常识上升到了天才的高度。
词汇：
Poet n. 诗人
Critic n. 评论家
Common sense 常识
Genius n. 天才
分析：这个句子相对较简单：Johnson was a poet and critic是主句，who引导了定语从句。
