雅思写作素材社会类分析

2016年1月14日

【题目1】A recent newspaper article report that a 14 years old boy who seriously destroyed school got a punishment to clean streets instead of sent to the prison. Do you think this is right? Or the young criminals should be sent to the jail?
一篇最近的报纸文字报道14岁的年轻人校园违规后会受到做清洁工作的处罚而非服刑，你认为少年犯是否应该被送进监狱?
提问方式：观点类

雅思写作结构：   
第一段：背景介绍+本人立场
第二段：对于初次犯罪者或过失犯罪者的处罚措施
第三段：讨论其他处罚措施
第四段：总结立场

雅思写作详解：

【首段】 背景介绍+本人立场

Alarmingly, various misdeeds among teenagers ranging from school bullying or sex assault are now becoming big headaches in many countries. Juvenile delinquency not only afflicts the victims but also jeopardizes the community. Many efforts have already been made on how to crack down juvenile crime, but the effect is far from satisfying. This essay aims to represent relevant measures of penalties.

【词伙】
1. juvenile delinquency = teenage crime = youth crime n 青少年犯罪
2. afflict = agonize = distress v 使痛苦
3. jeopardize the community = endanger the society v 危害社会
4. crack down juvenile crime v降低青少年犯罪
5. measures of penalty = measures of punishment n 惩罚措施

【二段】 对于初次犯罪者或过失犯罪者的处罚措施：

Nobody is innate perpetrator，during the journey of life，those who are in the formative years are，sometimes，derailed by manifold causes such as the negative influence of negative mass media, the disadvantaged family background or external factors. In this sense, stricter penalty for the first offenders, unintentional lawbreakers is far from rational, especially when taking the teenagers’ immature mentality into account. Virtually, appropriate punishment is commendable, to motivate those juvenile offenders to serve the community or sweeping the street can be reasonable measures.
 
1. Nobody is innate perpetrator. 人性本善
2. In this sense, stricter penalty for the first offenders, unintentional lawbreakers is far from rational, especially when taking the teenagers’ immature mentality into account. 因此，对于初犯者或者过失犯罪者，重罚远非理性，尤其当我们考虑到他们不成熟的心智的时候。
3. To motivate those juvenile offenders to serve the community or sweeping the street can be reasonable measures. 鼓励少年犯服务社区或者清扫街道都是合理的措施。
sweep v打扫(尤其是用大柄扫把清扫街道)
The economic crisis is sweeping across the world. 经济危机正在席卷全球。

【三段】 为何不能固定刑罚，其他处罚措施有哪些：

Notwithstanding all that，taking the effects of a misconduct and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for ensuring justice of the law. There should not be fixed punishment for all youth crime. Some misdeeds, for example, school bullying or sex assaults will inevitably distress the sufferers and endanger the society. Hence, light penalty for felony is unwise. Conversely, stricter punishment for hardened criminals will not only embody the justice of law but also exert a deterrent effect on those potential malefactors.
 
1. a prerequisite n一种必要条件
2. Taking the effects of misconduct and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for ensuring justice of the law. 考虑到犯罪的影响和动机是缺乏法律公正的先决条件。
3. School bullying or sex assaults will inevitably distress the sufferers and endanger the society. 性攻击或校园欺凌会不可避免地伤害受害者，危及社会安定。
4. Light penalty for felony is unwise. 重罪轻罚是不明智的。
5. Stricter punishment for hardened criminals will not only embody the justice of law but also exert a deterrent effect on those potential malefactors. 对于重刑犯的严厉处罚不仅体现法律公正，而且，可以震慑潜在的犯罪分子。

【四段】总结立场

To sum up，there is no simple resolution for such a complicate social problem，it is reasonable to expect that the combination of these suggestions may be needed. Custom-tailored penalty may be the best strategy for each teenage crime.
 
Custom-tailored penalty may be the best strategy for each teenage crime 对于每一种少年犯罪行为的量体裁衣的处罚措施也许才是最好的

【补充语料】
1. the custom-made penalty n量体裁衣的处罚措施
2. violate the law = perpetrate the law v违反法律
3. conduct ant-social offences v 做出反社会行为
4. arouse one’s violent impulse v诱发了人的暴力的冲动
5. enable those who are led astray to make compensation for their misconducts v使那些误入迷途者对于他们的过失做出补偿
6. reflect on their evil lives v反思他们罪恶的人生
7. As for those hardened teenage criminals, the government should be urged to impose stricter penalty on them so that other potential young law-breakers can be deterred. 对于青少年惯犯而言，政府应该加大惩罚措施，这样可以震慑潜在的犯罪分子。
8. So immature and inexperienced are some youngsters that they tend to blindly imitate what they have seen, especially when they expose to pornographic movies and violent on-line games. 一些年轻人是如此不成熟，缺乏经验，以至于他们会盲目地效仿他们看到的一切，尤其是当他们接触到色情电影和暴力游戏的时候。
9. In this sense, their cause of committing crimes can be owed to the negative influence of the mass media. 因此，他们的犯罪原因可以被归结为商业化大众传媒的不良影响。
10. The young prisoners should be inspired and educated to serve the community to compensate for their misdeeds, sweeping the street can be a good in case in point. 少年犯应该被鼓励和教育去做社区服务，以弥补他们的犯罪行为，清洁街道也许就是很好的方法。

2016年2月20日

【雅思作文题目2】Nowadays a large amount of advertising aims at children and exerts negative effects on them, so it should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
如今大量的广告面向儿童并对他们产生了负面影响，因此这些广告应该被禁止。在多大程度上你同意还是不同意？
提问方式：观点类

雅思写作结构：双边讨论模式
第一段：现象句+考题改写+本人立场
第二段：讨论儿童广告的好处
第三段：讨论儿童广告的坏处
第四段：让步+重申立场
 
一边倒讨论
第一段：现象句+考题改写+本人立场
第二段：讨论儿童广告应该禁止的原因
第三段：讨论儿童广告应该禁止的原因
第四段：总结重申立场

【一段】现象句+考题改写+本人立场
Advertisements aiming at children can be seen everywhere these days: TV, newspapers and magazines, Internet. Many people believe they should be banned because of their negative effects on children. While these advertisements do have some benefits - they are informative at least, I am quite convinced that they are more harmful than beneficial to children.
be seen everywhere 到处可见 have some benefits 有利
be more harmful than beneficial to  害处大于益处

【二段】儿童广告应该禁止的原因

In the first place, in order to attract children, many advertisers tend to overemphasis the "fun side" of their products. More often than not they will promote such products as computer games, dolls, animal parks and so on. I admit these stuff may be important to children, yet too much of them would distract children from their study. Even when they are advertising learning-aid products, the advertisers often claim their products will make children's learning process full of fun. This is really bad because it gives children a false impression that they do not have to put serious efforts into their study. In addition, children advertising is not desirable because it often leads children to buying things that they do not really need. That is why many parents complain that their children do not buy anything but those expensive "famous brands" such as Adidas, Nike and the like.
distract from 转移
overemphasis the "fun side" of the products 过度强调商品的娱乐性

【三段】儿童广告应该禁止的原因

At the same time, children advertising is partly responsible for children being kept away from the reality. Catering to the psychological needs of children, many advertisements describe the world in highly imaginative and unrealistic manners. For instance, when they want to promote their doll weapons, they will describe the world as a place full of bad guys. A child exposed to such advertising may develop a deep sense of hostility to the world. On the other hand, when they want to sell entertainment park tickets to children, they will describe the world as a place full of love and without any danger at all. A child who has been made to believe this kind of advertising will have a hard time when they come across troubles in real life.
Cater to 迎合
develop a deep sense of hostility 造成一种深深的敌意

【四段】总结重申立场

To conclude, since most children advertisements are misleading, they are really harmful to children who are not old enough to tell the difference between imagination and reality. Indeed, these advertisements may provide useful information for children, but these information can be obtained from other more reliable sources. Therefore, I hold the strong opinion that children advertising be banned.
tell the difference between imagination and reality 区分想象和现实
provide useful information 提供有用的信息

2016年1月23日

【雅思作文题目3】The news media has become more influential in people’s lives, some people think it’s negative development. To what extend do you agree or disagree?
人们消费的增多会导致对自然环境更大的破坏。这是为什么？我们可以采取什么措施来减少对自然环境的破坏？

结构：
第一段：背景介绍+争议焦点+本人立场
第二段：让步段：新闻传媒也许可能对人们的生活造成不良影响
第三段：反驳段：新闻传媒给人们的生活带来的利好
第四段：反驳段：新闻传媒给人们的生活带来的利好
第五段；再次亮明观点

【首段】背景介绍+争议焦点+本人立场

Perhaps nobody can avoid being swayed by various mass media. The news media have been exerting a tremendous influence on our lives because they can not only bring about glaring changes to the lives of ordinary people，but even ruin a political leader. Some people worry that the impacts of mass media are quite negative. From my perspective, however, what the news media can benefit us is greater than what they might influence us adversely.

1. The news media have been exerting a tremendous influence on our lives because they can not only bring about glaring changes to the lives of ordinary people，but ruin a political leader .
新闻媒体具有巨大的影响力，它们不仅可以给普通人的生活带来重大的变化，甚至还能推翻一个政客。
2. From my perspective, however, what the news media can benefit us is greater than what they might influence us adversely.
然而，我认为，新闻给我们带来的利好远胜过其可能产生的不良影响。

【二段】 让步段：新闻传媒也许可能对人们的生活造成不良影响。

The opposite stand is also understandable. It is true that some paparazzi of tabloid magazines like to publish details about those superstars’ private lives，which might bring untold agonies to heroes of the story. Likewise, for the purpose of catering to the taste of the general public, some editors of newspapers and magazines also enjoy deliberately exaggerating so as to create a sensation. Surely enough, such irresponsible reportages should be highly condemned. However, we have no reason to throw out the baby with bath water.

1. Some paparazzi tabloid magazines like to publish details about the superstars’ private lives，which might bring untold agonies to heroes of the story.
一些八卦小报的狗仔队喜欢发表关于明星生活隐私的细节，这会给当事人带来极大的痛苦。
2. Some editors of newspapers and magazines also enjoy deliberately exaggerating so as to create a sensation.
一些报刊杂志的编辑喜欢刻意夸大事实，以达到耸人听闻的目的。
3. Surely enough, such irresponsible reportages should be highly condemned.
当然，这些不负责任的报道应该被谴责。
4. However, we have no reason to throw out the baby with bath water.
但是，不分糟粕精华而全盘否定是不理性的。

【三段】 反驳段：新闻传媒给人们的生活带来的利好。

On no account can we underestimate the positive influences brought about by the news media. First, the mass media can play the role of educator. As for those who lack the habit of reading news, they are rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and the experience of the world. Conversely, reading news frequently can help us have a broader view of life and thus train our dialectical mode of thinking.

1. They are rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and the experience of the world.
他们在常识和阅历方面都很受局限。
2. Reading news frequently can help us have a broader view of life and thus train our dialectical mode of thinking.
经常阅读新闻传媒可以拓宽我们的人生视野，因此，锻炼我们的辩证性思维。

【四段】 反驳段：新闻传媒给人们的生活带来的利好。

Also, various mews media can be an indispensable source of information for the vast majority of people. To illustrate, one of the most crucial lessons of a great many entrepreneurs is to Watch CCTV news everyday to familiarize themselves with the latest governmental policies and market information. Eventually, those amusing news stories can add color to the dull routine of every day life. I myself enjoy appreciate stories concerning the common people or mediocre life so that I could greatly deepen my insight into diverse lifestyles and grow spiritually during the process of thinking.
　
1. Various mews media can be an indispensable source of information for the vast majority of people. 各种新闻传媒可以是大多数人获得信息的不可缺少的源泉。
2. Those amusing news stories can add color to the dull routine of every day life. 有趣的新闻报道可以增加我们枯燥常规生活的乐趣。
3. I could greatly deepen my insight into diverse lifestyles and grow spiritually during the process of thinking. 我可以极大地加深我对于不同的生活方式的洞察，思考的过程也让我在精神上成长。

【五段】再次亮明观点

In closing, my stand is that various news media have and will have irreplaceable roles to play in our daily lives, the influence， to large extent， depends on how we treat and harness them. It is rather groundless to simply say that their impacts can always be baneful

It is rather groundless to simply say that their impacts can always be baneful. 简单认为他们的影响是消极的是相当没有根据的。

【补充】
1. negative = adverse = baneful adj. 有害的
2. the mass media = the news media = the media n 媒体
3. indispensable = crucial = vital adj. 重要的
4.indispensable=irreplaceable=nonsubstitutable adj. 不可替代的
5. influence = affect = impact n. 影响

2016年3月5日

【题目4】we can get knowledge from news. But some people even think we should not trust the journalists. What do you think? And what do you think are the important qualities that a journalist should have?
我们从新闻中获得知识。但是一些人认为我们不应该信任记者。你怎么看？一个好记者应该具备哪些素质?

雅思写作结构：
第一段：现象句+考题改写
第二段：讨论不应该信任记者的原因
第三段：讨论一个好记者要具备的素质
第四段：总结声明本人立场

【首段】现象句+考题改写

News is an important source of knowledge. Every day we get to know about the world by reading news. For instance, by reading politics section of a newspaper, we can make rather accurate prediction about who is going to win the presidential election in the United States; by reading science section, we can better understand the state-of-art technology in space exploration.

【二段】讨论不应该信任记者的原因

However, many people are gradually losing their interest in news, for they have every reason to doubt the truthfulness of news. They often accuse the journalists of presenting the truth or reality in a wrong way so as to mislead the news readers. It is indeed the case for many journalists. Those journalists may misreport the private life of a movie star ( for example, his love affairs which do not exist actually) in order to arouse the eye-ball of the theater-goers. Other journalists may give biased coverage of an event for economic, political, social and various other reasons.
misreport the private life 错误报道私生活

【三段】讨论一个好记者要具备的素质

Of course, we do have many excellent journalists on whom we place our trust. Then, what makes a successful journalist? In other words, what are the qualities that a journalist must possess? To my mind, the ability to make fair judgment is the first important quality that a journalist should have. When faced with a series of complicated events, a journalist will have many decisions to make: what to report, from whose perspectives, for what purposes? Only with a fair sense of judgment and the willingness to make things right can a journalist bring out a news report closest to the real state of affairs. Too often we have read the uninteresting or distorted news, simply because the journalist who has written the news is not able to make the right decisions. Besides, a journalist should a hard-working person. A lot of events take place in unusual places or at unlikely hours, which makes it almost impossible for a journalist to report them accurately if he/she just sits in front of a computer at home. Those willing to travel to different places and wake up in early morning from cozy dreams have better chances to become great journalists. Finally, a journalist must love writing and be able to express his thoughts precisely. This is almost self-evident and does not need further explanation at all.
make fair judgment作出公正的判断
bring out a news report closest to the real state of affairs写出最接近事情本来面貌的报道

【尾段】总结声明本人立场

We all need news for information and knowledge, and in order for news to be reliable rather than misleading, a journalist must have a willing heart to pursue truth, a fair judgment and most important of all, a strong ability to express his/her mind with words.
pursue truth追寻事实
express his/her mind with words用文字表达想法

2016年3月19日

【题目5】some people think health care should be free for everyone, while others think they should pay medical costs for themselves. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

一部分人认为医疗应该免费，另一部分认为医疗不应该免费。就双方观点说说自己的见解，并给出自己的观点。

提问方式：观点类

雅思写作结构：
第一段：背景句+转述题目+本人观点
第二段：讨论医疗保健应该免费原因
第三段：讨论不应该免费原因
第四段：给出本人观点
第五段：总结两方观点+强化自身观点

【首段】背景句+转述题目+本人观点

Economists state that providing healthcare is good public policy as it is the humane thing to do and in the long run, it will be cost effective. It is evident that proper health care is imperative to implement, but the issue arises when we have to decide if whether it should be free or not. In my opinion, everyone should receive at least basic health care as long as some particular medical needs (特殊医疗需求) can be simultaneously met.
be humane人道的
be cost effective 划算的
imperative必要的;不可避免的
implement 实施
simultaneously 与此同时地

【二段】医疗保健应该免费原因

Health care, as some argue, should not be a commodity only for wealthy people; it should be a basic right for all individuals, no matter age, race, ethnicity or gender. This means medical care must be provided to all citizens, and lack of affordability should not become a problem. Society functions better when people with fewer economic resources can still be treated by a doctor. Referring to the insured and uninsured citizens in the United States, for example, the risk of death for uninsured women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (乳腺癌) is 30% to 50% greater than for those who are insured. Therefore, if there was a government-funded healthcare system, people would not have to worry about the possibility of not having insurance.
ethnicity民族
lack of affordability 负担能力
the insured and uninsured citizens已投保和未投保的公民
a basic right for all individuals一项个人的基本权利
a government-funded healthcare system政府出资的医疗体系

【三段】不应该免费原因

However, opponents (n. 反对者) think free healthcare is not realistic individuals should bear (vt. 承担) medical costs for themselves. First, the motivation of profit, competition, and individual ingenuity have always led to greater cost control and largely more effective pharmaceutical and medical-device firms. Free healthcare would result in fewer incentives to innovate (创新的激励), as there is no room to maximize profit and this therefore slows down the research process for new medicine. Second, patients, even those with high-deductible insurance plans, pay for only a fraction of the cost of healthcare. Doctors who prescribe healthcare do not typically face price-sensitive customers. Neither have the vaguest idea of the true cost of providing healthcare. Where there are no prices and no understanding of the actual cost of services, there can be no market.
bear medical costs承担医疗花费
the motivation of profit 利润驱使
high-deductible insurance plans 高免赔额保险计划

【四段】 自己的观点

For me, tempting as free health care may seem, we should not be fooled by the option of allowing the government to provide universal health care. This health care plan does not truly support the needs of patients because it focuses on the public in general, versus (prep. 与…相对) the needs of each individual citizen. Additionally, "free" healthcare is not free but contains an enormous cost (巨大的成本) since people must pay for it with taxes; expenses for health care would have to be paid for with higher taxes or spending cuts in other areas such as defense, education, etc.

【尾段】总结两方观点+强化自身观点

To conclude, in the debate over free health care, I think the basic question – whether people should have free basic health care and/or transfer payments for particular diseases – must be answered first. I believe in civilized countries heath care should be available according to need rather than the ability to pay.

2016年1月9日

【题目6】Most government money should be invested in teaching science rather than any other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress。To what extent do you agree or disagree?

大部分的政府资金应该投资在教授科学而不是其他学科上，为了国家的发展和进步。你多大程度上同意或不同意？

提问方式：观点类

结构：
第一段：现象句+考题改写+本人立场
第二段：让步段，承认科学发展对一国的发展的确重要
第三段：说明别的学科也同样重要
第四段：总结和重申本人立场

【首段】现象句+考题改写+本人立场No country develops without the facilitation of science and technology. Therefore, some people believe that science, as a school subject, should enjoy more benefits from governmental sponsorship than any other subjects. Personally, I think those people are near-sighted.
 
【二段】让步段：科学教育的确重要。

Admittedly, science is essential in a country’s development, since it determines the strength of national defense and the potential of economic progress. As a result, people educated in the scientific field are highly required by the society, and that justifies the notion that scientific education should be put emphasis on in the school.

【三段】这并不意味着别的学科的教育不重要。

However, that is not to say that science is more important than any other subjects and thus should be the major beneficiary of governmental sponsorship, since the prosperity of a country calls for talents from a wide range of fields. As has long been proved, at the same time when science and technology is boosting a country’s social and economic development, various problems have also occurred which will sooner or later defer a country’s further development. Those problems include but are not limited to the increase in crime rate, social unjustice, environmental pollution and unprecedented mental and physical diseases. Hence, we need not only scientific experts, but also experts in law, economy, medicine and some other fields to make the progressing path more smooth for a country. To illustrate, it is true that scientists are required to deal with global warming, since we could only count on them to find out the causes and the corresponding solutions of this problem. At the same time, we also need authors and activists such as Al Gore to improve people’s awareness, and law experts to confine human activities to the degree that does less harm to the environment.
 governmental sponsorship政府赞助

【尾段】总结和重申本人立场
To conclude, it is not only science that plays an influential role in a country’s development, and therefore it is suggested that government put equal emphasis in different school subjects for the sake of safe development.

2016年1月30日

【题目7】

in some countries, the government has tried to reduce traffic. For instance, they imposed a congestion tax during rush hour. Do you think this development is positive or negative?
在一些城市，政府试图缓解交通压力，例如，征收高峰期通行费，你认为有力还是有弊?

雅思写作结构：
第一段：现象句+考题改写+本人立场
第二段：讨论司机付费的好处
第三段：讨论司机付费的好处
第四段：让步，加以反驳
第五段：总结和重申本人立场

【首段】背景介绍+本人立场

Going through the rush hours is a tiresome business. The prevalence of various public transport has led to severe traffic congestion，especially during the rush hours. Being stuck in the long queues of vehicles seems to be a big headache for many city dwellers. Personally speaking, it is about time governments adopted effective measures, drivers should be charged when they need to drive out in a heavy traffic, which will exert a really positive impact on reducing the serious traffic conditions.

【二段】讨论司机付费的好处

For a start, paying some permission fees could decrease the incidence of going through the busy traffic. To be more specific, some drivers would be unwilling to drive their cars in order to save money when they have no urgent things. Hence，this will mitigate the pressure of heavy traffic congestion. Further, the decreasing number of cars will also purify the air and reduce the noise. As a result, the living quality of the whole city will be greatly optimized, citizens will enjoy a cleaner environment.

【三段】讨论司机付费的好处

This debate reminds me of my own city. Our city government has fewer policies in terms of tackling the pressure of traffic congestion, which negatively influences people’s normal work. The large amount of release of exhaust gas has deteriorated the environment. Even worse, long time wait will ruin the drivers’ moods. Consequently, some people might fail to happily perform their working tasks when they arrive at the workplace. By contrast, the fee from drivers increases the governmental income so that more financial budget could be allocated to perfecting the traffic conditions. Specifically, the government could build more over-bridges to reduce the pressure of traffic jam.

【四段】 让步向司机收费的弊端 + 加以反驳

Granted, I have to concede that this policy might impose much pressure upon the drivers economically. If they pay even limited amount of money every day, then there will be large sums of money as a whole. What I want to rebut, however, is that in time of a traffic jam, the oil consumption is much more than that of driving a slowly moving car. The cost of gasoline may be even expensive than the counterpart people pay for driving permission.

【尾段】 再次亮明观点

In closing, I re-affirm my conviction that it is worthwhile to ask for driving permission fees when the traffic is busy.

2016年4月16日

【题目8】

When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

现代有很多新的城镇，建造更多的公共公园和运动设施比商场更能让人们度过闲暇的时光。你在多大程度上同意还是不容易？

雅思写作结构：
第一段：背景介绍+标题改写+本人立场
第二段：讨论建设购物中心的好处
第三段：讨论建设购物中心的另一个好处
第四段：总结，重申观点

【首段】背景介绍+标题改写+本人立场

The rational plan for different functioning zones a city or a town before its construction is vital for its long term development. In many of the functioning zones, there is a discussion over whether the building of public parks or sports facilities should be more valued than the construction of the shopping malls, As a city dweller, I tend to favor the development some shopping centers.
long term development长期发展

【二段】建设购物中心的好处

If a town is planned for more shopping centers, Its citizens can have more access to a diverse life. Many shopping centers, under the influence of the advanced and trendy belief，are more than a place where the customers do Some shopping by splurging their money or there are assorted commodities In another word, shopping malls are the combination of many other public sports, in which cinemas, restaurants and even some small sized amusement parks can be introduced. Thus, With only the planning and building of the shopping malls, the residents can have more destinations to go to during their spare time, adding more spice to their city life.
access to a diverse life接触到不同的生活

【三段】讨论建设购物中心的另一个好处

Another merit for building the shopping centers that it can be less influenced by the external weather condition, which can ensure that citizens can enjoy their free time with less restriction. The public parks and some sports facilities are often exposed in open air, and people are likely to feel hopeless and upset if their recreational plans or body-building plans will be spoil by some unexpected events. By contrast, the shopping centers are modern constructions which free from the Influence of some natural influences.

less influenced by the external weather condition少受到外界天气的影响

【尾段】总结，重申观点
To conclude, I am in favor of giving priority to develop the shopping centers, although other functioning zones such as parks and sports facilities are necessary to some extent.