雅思写作7月29日预测

犯罪类话题每年考试都比较少，一年平均2到4次左右，今年前半年的大趋势也是如此，属于比较少见的题型，所以经常会被我们的学生和老师忽视。今天我们好好看看有关犯罪类作文的内容，希望给我们29号考试的烤鸭们一点预测。

犯罪类crime 分类

青少年犯罪多为团伙犯罪

大多数青少年为团伙作案，一般而言可分为三大类

Official records indicate that much juvenile crime is a group or gang activity .Juvenile gangs are typically classified as violent, delinquent and social. Members of violent gangs sometimes have unstable personalities .  disputes center on territory or gang warfare and are assaultive 好攻击的,often involving deadly weapons. While group violence is sanctioned 批准,inpidual violence is discouraged . The delinquent gang is a small cohesive 团结的group developed to carry out criminal acts , such as petty thievery 小偷小摸and robbery . Although violence may be used , the primary goal is material gain . The social gang is relatively permanent group of youths . In contrast to the common characterization of gang-generated crime, however , studies often reveal that youth crime is a personal , independent effort not directly related to group activity.

青少年犯罪的诱因

许多有关青少年犯罪诱因的研究认为个人因素及社会影响是两大诱因

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile crime focus either on the inpidual or on society as the major contributing influence.  Theories centering on the inpidual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized 惩罚for previous delinquent acts or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. A person who becomes socially alienated 疏离的may be more inclined to commit a criminal act. Theories focusing on the role of society in juvenile delinquency suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to improve their socio-economic conditions, or as disapproval of middle-class values.

富裕家庭的孩子的犯罪原因

贫穷家庭和富裕家庭的孩子都有可能犯罪。缺少家长管制，迟迟无法获得成年人身份，享乐倾向，这些都可能导致富裕家庭的孩子犯罪

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from affluent homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes because of the lack of adequate parental control, delays in achieving adult status , and hedonistic 享乐的tendencies. All theories , however, are tentative 试验性的and are subject to criticism.

社会结构变化对青少年犯罪的影响

社会结构变化会间接影响青少年犯罪率。经济变化导致青少年的就业机会减少，由此引发不满，从而导致犯罪

Changers in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example , changes in the economy that leads to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general , make gainful employment increasingly difficult for young people to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

家庭结构变化及其他因素对青少年犯罪的影响

家庭结构的变化，使得孩子受不到足够的家庭监护，从而导致犯罪。而且在学校遇到的挫折和失败、毒品和酒精的日益容易获得，以及虐待和忽视儿童都是青少年犯罪的诱因

Families have also experienced changes in the last 25years . More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents ;consequently , children are likely to have less supervision at home  than in the traditional family structure . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable 可确认的causes of delinquent acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol , and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect . All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act , although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

Report类型文章素材

对青少年犯罪的管制I :社区管制

对青少年犯罪的管制有四大方法：社区管制，居所管制，非居所社区管制和专门机构收容。社区管制指对犯罪孩子实行察看

The juvenile justice system tries to treat and rehabilitate 改造youngsters who are involved in delinquency . The methods can be categorized as community treatment, residential treatment 居所管制,nonresidential community treatment 非居所社区管制and institutionalization 机构收容. In most cases community treatment involves placing the child on probation 察看. When the child is believed to be not harmful to others, he or she is placed under the supervision of an officer of the juvenile court and must abide by the specific rules that are worked out between the officer and the child. In some instances community treatment also takes the form of restitution 赔偿,in which the child reimburses偿还the victim either through direct payment or through some form of work or public service.

对青少年犯罪的管制II:居所管制和非居所社会管制

居所管制指的是将青少年关入教养所，为其提供心理和职业指导，也包括森林营地或劳教所等乡村项目。非居所社区管制指的是犯罪青少年住在家中接受心理健康治疗等服务

Residential treatment generally takes place in a group home 教养所where the juvenile is provided with psychological and vocational counseling. Other forms of residential treatment include rural programs such as forest camps and work farms 劳改农场. Youngsters placed in nonresidential community-based treatment programs do not reside at the facility . Instead they live at home and receive treatment from mental health clinics or similar services.

对青少年犯罪的管制III:专门机构收容

专门机构收容是对青少年犯罪者最严厉的管制手段。犯罪青少年被监禁在专门机构中，并被限制自由，由该机构负责他们的劝告、教育、娱乐、食宿和其他日常活动

Institutionalization is the most severe punishment for juvenile offenders. The child is incarcerated 监禁in a secure facility and denied freedom to come and to go in community . The institution is responsible for the child’s counseling 劝告,education, recreation , room and board , and other daily activities.