托福听力：天文学段落之对比逻辑关系分析

托福听力天文学段落之对比逻辑关系分析

托福听力天文学专题TPO1-25主要有10-篇

TPO2 LECTURE3   Bode’s law

TOP3 LECUTRE4     spectroscopy

TPO5 LECTURE2     moon landing

TPO13-LECTURE4    meteoroids

TPO14 LECTURE3    stars used as navigational aids

 TPO18 LECTURE1   sunspots

TPO19-LECTURE2  radio astronomy & optical astronomy

TPO21 LECTURE1  Geocentric &Heliocentric

TPO22 LECTURE2   faint young sun paradox

TPO24 LECUTRE4   shield volcanoes on Venus

词汇比较难记，我们需要通过一定的词以类记来梳理。比如八大行星的名字及特点可以归类了解

Earth(Gaea)

Venus(Aphrodite)

Jupiter(Zeus)

Mercury(Hermes)

Mar(Ares)

Saturn(Cronus)

Uranus

Neptune(Poseidon)

Pluto(不算）(Hades)

太阳系，银河系，各星球的运动（自传公转），以及流星等常见词汇的记忆。还需要了解几大理论，比如BIG BANG THEORY, BODE\S LAW，地心说日心说等。天文学里比较容易出现的逻辑关系是关于特征特点的对比，以及各大理论的演变接受过程。下面举例一篇文章来分析。

What comparison does the professor make to help describe the composition of asteroids and comets?

He compares them to stars.

He compares them to types of planets.

He compares them to rocks on Earth.

He compares them to meteors and meteorites

原文是这样描述的：

OK, comets and asteroids. It might help if you think of...remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition? The terrestrial planets--like Mars and Earth--composed largely of rocks and metals, and the large gas giants, like Jupiter. Well, the solar system also has two analogous classes of objects, smaller than planets--namely, asteroids and comets. Relatively near the sun and inner solar system, between Jupiter and Mars to be precise, we’ve got the asteroid belt, which contains about 90 percents of all asteroids orbiting the sun. These asteroids are…uh…like the terrestrial planets, and they're composed mostly of rocky materials and metals. Far from the sun, in the outer solar system, beyond Jupiter's orbit, temperatures are low enough to permit ices to form out of water and…and out of gases like methane and carbon dioxide. Loose collections of these ices and small rocky particles form into comets. So comets are similar in composition to the gas giants. Both comets and asteroids are...typically are smaller than planets.

通篇都在对比，我们需要了解托福听力里常见的对比信号词：

最高级、同向比较

alike/likewise/ in the same way/similar  to/resemble / has two analogous classes of objects,

反向比较

unlike/instead of/in contrast to/ differently / on the other hand/compare to/ (not) as ….as

And how they differ in composition?

这段文章内容生词比较多，可以通过这篇文章了解天文学文章结构之对比结构。
 

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