【干货】SAT阅读长难句案例剖析

1、But because ColonialWilliamsburg offers not a segment of the history of a fine art, but a model ofan ongoing community, it is intelligible and interesting to nearly everybody.

【主干】Williamsburg offers not a segment„.. but a model„
　　【难点】主要语法结构是not---but---，难点在于后面的限定成分，segment of the history of a fine art，model of an ongoingcommunity。
　　【翻译】由于殖民时代的威廉斯堡呈现的不是极品艺术的某一片段，而是呈现一个正在进行的艺术模型，它对每个人来说几乎都是可以理解和有趣的。

2、(1)That such radicaladaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active ratherthan programmed and static, (2)a supremely efficient adaptive system geared forevolution and change, (3)ceaselessly adapting to the needs of theorganism----its need, above all, to construct a coherent self and world,whatever defects or disorders of brain function befall it.

【主干】that„demands a view of„.rather than„..，
　　【难点】将此句话分为三部分，第一部分首先是That引导的主语从句，rather than连接两个对比：dynamic and active和programmedand static，第二部分以及第三部分都是对第一部分“radical adaptations”的补充和说明
　　【翻译】剧烈的适应可能会发生，这要求我们把大脑看作是动态的，活跃的，以及无比有效的适应性系统，这个系统适应变化和发展，永无止境地调整自己以适应生物体的需要（它首要的需要是构建和谐的自身与环境，无论什么大脑缺陷和疾病降临在它头上），而不是把它看作是预先编制好的，静态的系统。

3、This sense of thebrain’s remarkable plasticity , its capacity for the most striking adaptations,not the least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap , has come to dominate my own perception of my patients andtheir lives.

【主干】This sense of plasticity„. has come to dominate my„.
　　【难点】在句子的主干之间插入很长的限定成分，its capacity for the most striking adaptations, notthe least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap都是对the brain’s remarkable plasticity的补充说明。
　　【翻译】大脑有非同寻常的可塑性，它不仅仅在特定的（常常令人绝望的）神经或者感觉灾难下有惊人的调整能力，这一认识支配了我对病人和他们生活的看法。

4、For instance, thevery woman (1)who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of thefemale heart(2) he showed in his novels were appalled to discover howinsensitive and awkward the real man could be.

【主干】the woman were appalled to discover how„..the real man could be.
　　【难点】本句的主要难点在于多个限制修饰成分将句子的主谓割开，其中定语从句(1)修饰的是the very woman；定语从句(2)修饰的是penetratingintuition，这两个定语从句将主语woman与系动词were割开，容易导致主谓混淆，分不清句子主干。
　　【翻译】那些因为他小说中对女性极具穿透力的直觉与认识而被他吸引的女性，在显示生活中惊讶的发现他是多么的迟钝与笨拙。

5、However manydirectors and high officials of all sorts came and went , he was always seen inthe same place , at the very same duty, so that they used to declare that hemust have seen born a perpetual titular councilor in uniform all complete andwith a bald patch on his head.

【难点】本句话可以分为三部分，前面两部分讲两种现象，后面一部分是这两种现象所引起的结果，so that是如此。。。以至于；used to do：过去常常做某事，注意与be used to do sth以及be used to doing sth 的区分。
　　【翻译】尽管各种各样的主管和高官来了又走，只有他依然待在原来的位置，履行同样的职责，以至于人们过去常常认为他一定是生下来就是一个穿着整套制服，头顶稍秃的终身荣誉顾问。

6、The Grateful Deadfor whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident that if we let fans tapeconcerts and freely reproduce those tapes---―stealing‖ our intellectual―property‖ just like those heinous Napsterians -the tapes would become amarketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium inAmerica.

【主干】The Grateful Dead„. learned that „.
　　【难点】本句的难点在于that后很长的宾语从句，if 后面引导两个动作：let fans tape concerts；freely reproduce thosetapes，“stealing” ourintellectual “property” just like those heinous Napsterians是对这两种行为的补充说明，the tapes would become a marketing virus是我们允许这两种行为会导致的后果，that引导的定语从句修饰marketing virus
　　【翻译】我曾经为之写过歌曲的Grateful Dead偶然认识到，如果我们让歌迷录制音乐会，并且自由复制这些磁带----就像可恶的使用
Napsterians（一种允许用户从互联网免费下载音乐唱片的服务）的人一样“盗窃”我们的知识“财产”----这些磁带就会像市场病毒一样四处蔓延，使全美国的所有音乐场都充满“免费入场者”。

7、Scent for many of uscan be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammarrequires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are promoted to utterabout animals’ tracking.

【主干】Scent can be only a expression
　　【难点】此句结构较复杂，包含两个定语从句，一个原因状语从句，一个宾语从句，一个目的状语从句。。第一定语从句，先行词是expression，定语从句是that we use. 第二个定语从句先行词是sentences，定语从句是we are promoted，省略了引导词that(因为做宾语)，because引导原因状语，解释 we use a theoretical ,technical expression 的原因。thatwe have a noun to go in„.是requires的宾语；
　　to utter aboutanimals’ tracking 是不定式做目的状语。
　　【翻译】气味对于我们很多人来说，仅仅是一个理论或者技术上的术语，我们使用它是因为当我们说出一个句子来描述动物的跟踪活动的时候，语法要求我们提供一个名词。

8、The concept of twowarring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for DuBois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis, the official journal of theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP), as when hehad first used the image at the start of the century.

【主干】The concept„.was as meaningful„as
　　【难点】本句话的难点在于，不仅有众多修饰语，而且还出现了三个as. 其中第一个与第三个构成as„as„结构，第二个as的意思是“作为„„”；theofficial journal of the National Association for the Advancement of ColoredPeople(NAACP)这么一长串全是对“Crisis”的修饰，atthe end of his years与at the start of the century都是做的时间状语。
　　【翻译】杜波斯在世纪之初提到了在美国黑人躯体中同时存在相冲突的两种思想的理念，这个理念一直伴随着他，直到他离开《危机》杂志（有色人种前进运动全国联盟NAACP的官方期刊）的主编位置。

9、(1)Perhaps the most devastating single criticism of theauthenticity of the museum design(2)has been that(3)excavationof the original villa site has been so incomplete that there is insufficientknowledge available even to attempt a legitimate re-creation.

【主干】the most devastating single criticism„. has been that„.there is insufficient knowledge.
　　【难点】可以将此句话分为三部分，第一部分是主语部分，第二部分是是谓语，第三部分是that 引导的表语从句。表语从句中嵌有一个so„.that„.句型
　　【翻译】关于博物馆设计的真实性方面最具杀伤力的批评，或许是对原有villa遗址的发掘还远未结束，还没有足够的知识来进行合理的仿制。

10、Thebelief that it is harmful to the Black community for authors to explore thehumanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.

【主干】The belief„..can have troubling effects
　　【难点】that引导的是belief的同位语，在同位语句子中，it做的是形式主语，真正的主语是to explore the humanity of our leaders。所以同位语部分可以改写为to explore the humanity of our leaders is harmful to the Blackcommunity.这样这句话就容易理解了。
　　【翻译】认为作家探索领导人人性的行为会对黑人群体造成伤害的观点可能带来麻烦。

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