【教师】托福阅读之句子简化题

托福阅读考试总共3篇文章，十种题型，总分30分。最近的考试显示十种题型中的指代题因为题目难度小，出现的频率越来越少，细节题或者词汇题相应增加一题。这篇文章主要探讨的是十大题型中的长句解析题，即句子简化题。
　　 很多考生拿到句子简化题的一瞬间，就开始发晕。一个长难句，四个选项也是四个长句，然后从四个选项中选出表达意思一致的答案。题型如下：

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.
　　○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.
　　○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.
　　○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

常规的解题方法一般是翻译，一字一句翻译。词汇优秀，理解水平比较好的同学还能解析出句子意思：与那个太平洋人很多都是玻利尼西亚人偶然迷失和漂流而定居下来的说法相反的是，这些功绩是通过有意的殖民远征来实现的，他们准备周详，出发时满载食物、已驯化的植物和动物。

>>  <<　  拨打免费电话400-077-0188获取课程优惠信息

那么，如果词汇不过关，比如maroon，adrift，feat， expedition，domesticated都不认识的情况，是否还能解出这道题呢？答案是完全可以。

句子简化题的做题方法不在于每个单词都读懂，整句话全部翻译，如果是这样，那就不叫句子“简化”题了！既然是简化，当然是读得越简单越好！做句子简化题时，最重要的是两点，一逻辑关系，二信息点。拿到题目时，首先通读，理解的时候，抓住逻辑关系，这句话是因果，转折，对比，并列还是递进。
　　其次撇去不认识，无法理解的修饰性成分，如形容词，副词和后置定语，抓住句子的主干部分，把句子骨架解析出来。比如以上这道题，contrary to说明应为对比的逻辑关系，两种相反观点的对比。那马上就要解析是哪两种观点，相反点在哪里。第

一个观点认为这些人（没有必要知道是波利尼西亚人）是偶然间定居的，第二种观点认为是故意定居的，对立点找到，意思完整，能解析出这个框架，题目就能解答出来了。选项中，只要信息点在，答案在。错误的选项要么漏失了重要的信息点，要么信息点错误。说到底，这道题目就是两个词汇accidentally和deliberate。

切记没有必要一定要把每个单词全部翻译出来。完整的翻译对于句子简化题反而会减慢做题速度。

推荐阅读：