SAT阅读高分策略之短双文章技巧

摘要： 本文主要以短双文章为例，讲解短双文章解题步骤，并介绍SAT阅读中
       的求异题，求同题及互联题。

一．SAT阅读文章分类
  根据不同分类标准，SAT阅读文章类型可归纳为：
  根据文章体裁：non-literary / literary fiction
  根据文章长度：short passage / long passage
  根据文章数量：single passage / paired passages
  具体而言，文章题材涵盖了移民文化 （cross-culture and emigration），黑人土著 (Black Americans & Native Americans)，女性女权 (women & feminism)，生物环境 (biology & environment)，自然科学 (natural science)，文学作品 (literary fiction)，艺术评论 (art criticism)，社会研究 (social studies)等。

二．短双文章解题策略
短双文章简介：
？ 数    量:  1
？ 形    式:  Passage1 & Passage2 + 4～5 Qs
？ 字    数:  250-300/Passage1&Passage2
？ 完成时间:  5-6 mins

解题步骤：
①　阅读两篇文章
？ 阅读每篇文章的首尾句及表转折的句子
？ 找出两篇文章的共同主题及关系（对比，补充说明，联系较弱）
②　阅读题目，识别题型，定位关键词
③　阅读选项并选择

常见题型：
？ 求异题
？ ID:
Passage1 differs from Passage2 in that________________
Unlike Passage1, Passage2_________________________
Compared to Passage1, Passage2____________________
？ Solution:
   寻找两篇文章在以下方面的不同：
   ① 观点或态度
   ② 内容
   ③ 写作手法
   注意题目中问的到底是哪一篇文章的主题或观点！

？ 求同题
？ ID:
Passage1 is similar/ analogous to Passage2 in that_______________
Which of the following statement is shared by Passage1 & Passage2?
Both passages__________
X in Passage1 is most like ________ in Passage2?
What do Passage1& Passage2 have in common?
？ Solution:
   寻找交集或其中一篇文章的让步部分.

？ 互联题
？ ID:
① Which best describes the relationship between the two passages?
② ____ in one passage would most likely + VERB +___ in another passage?
TYPES OF VERBS:
支持：support/ exemplify/agree with/espouse/strengthen
反对：weaken/undermine/discredit/criticize/damage
其他：respond to/react to/ claim/assert/argue/contend /suggest/
      consider/interpret /view/regard
？ Solution:
① 弄清题目中的已知信息
② 根据另一篇文章内容和题目中的动词找出最佳选项

范文解析：
    Questions 6-9 are based on the following passages.
    Passage 1
          The eighteenth-century botanist Carolus Linnaeus'
        enormous and essential contribution to natural history
       was to devise a system of classification whereby any
       plant or animal could be identified and slotted into
Line 5  an overall plan. Yet Linnaeus himself would probably
       have been the first to admit that classification is only
       a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological
       inquiry. Unfortunately, this truth was not apparent
       to his immediate successors, who for the next hundred
Line10  years were to concern themselves almost exclusively
        with classification.
    Passage 2
          I am a heretic about Linnaeus. I do not dispute the
       value of the tool he gave natural science, but I am wary
       about the change it has effected on humans' relationship
Line15  to the world. From Linnaeus on, much of science has
        been devoted to sorting masses into individual entities
        and arranging the entities neatly. The cost of having so
        successfully itemized and pigeonholed nature is to limit
   certain possibilities of seeing and apprehending. For
Line20  example, the modem human thinks that he or she can
       best understand a tree (or a species of tree) by examining
       a single tree. But trees are not intended to g~ow in isolation.
       They are social creatures, and their society in turn supports
       other species of plants, insects, birds, mammals, and micro-
Line25  organisms, all of which make up the whole experience of
        the woods.

 6. Compared to the author of Passage 2, the author of Passage 1 regards
    Linnaeus with more
         (A) cynicism
         (B) bafflement
         (C) appreciation
         (D) nostalgia
         (E) resentment

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (C) is correct. While the author of Passage 2 is critical of Linnaeus’ legacy, the author of Passage 1 expresses appreciation of his contribution to natural history, describing it as "enormous and essential."

7. Unlike the author of Passage 1, the author of Passage 2 makes use of
   (A) scientific data
   (B) literary allusion
   (C) historical research
   (D) personal voice
   (E) direct citation

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is correct. Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 uses a first-person narrative voice that openly expresses the author’s "wariness" regarding Linnaeus' contribution to natural science.
8. Both passages emphasize which of the following aspects of Linnaeus' work?
   (A) The extent to which it contributed to natural science
   (B) The way in which it limits present-day science
   (C) The degree to which it revived interest in biology
   (D) The decisiveness with which it settled scientific disputes
   (E) The kinds of scientific discoveries on which it built

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is correct. Although the two authors judge Linnaeus’ work differently, they agree that his classificatory system has had a great influence on the field of natural science.
9. The author of Passage 1 would most likely respond to the opening of
   Passage 2 (lines 12-17) by arguing that the author of Passage 2 has
   (A) demonstrated that Linnaeus should be better known as a scientist than he
       currently is
   (B) minimized the achievements of those scientists who built on Linnaeus' work
   (C) refused to appreciate the importance of proper classification to scientific
      progress
   (D) failed to distinguish the ideas of Linnaeus from those of his followers
9

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is correct. The author of Passage 1 argues that unlike his followers, Linnaeus probably saw his system of classification as a tool, not the goal, of science. The author of Passage 2 does not make this distinction.      

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