托福阅读攻略之插入文本题

插入文本题是指将给出的句子填在段落中适当的位置。很多同学在做这种题型的时候都是依靠感觉。而很多时候感觉又会让同学们纠结于其中的一两个干扰项。下面我们就来讨论下，这样的题型有什么特点，通过分析特点，来加强自己的解题技巧。

很多同学都知道要先读所给句子，但是怎么读呢？下面我们分成三大类。

1. 如果句子或者文章中有it，they这样的代词的话，可以转化成指代题来做。看指代的是什么信息，和上一句哪部分能连得上。

指代题做法主要有：看代词后面的谓语动词是什么样的信息可以发出的。比如TPO15passage2question6的指代题：

The problem is that as blood flows through the turtle’s flippers, it risks losing enough heat to lower the animal’s central body temperature when 【it】 returns,

这里it发出的动作是returns，而returns这个动词显然和前半句的flows对应。整个过程是it先flows，再returns，所以it指代blood。

转化成指代题的另外一个技巧是看单复数。以该文question12为例，要插入的句子是：

However, these animals have additional means of staying warm.

而文章是：

Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. ■ It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. ■ It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. ■ Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of the surrounding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do it. ■ Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be T C (12.6°F) warmer than the waters it swims through.

第一、二个方框后面的it是单数，不适合放句子，因为句子的名词都是复数，所以排除。这是转换成指代题的解法。

2，看重复词。句子提到additional means，说明之前的means已经讨论完了，现在要说其它额外的means了。比较第三、四个方框，显然第四个方框后面的muscular activity是一种其它的means，而三后面的句子依然在讨论之前的gigantothermy。所以选D 

再看一个例子，TPO23passage1question13，句子是：

Another possibility is for the heat island to be stretched along the course of major rivers, since large waterways typically have a warming effect on the air directly above them.

文章是Heat islands develop best under particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. ■ The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors. ■ For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. ■ When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 17℃ warmer than the side streets. ■ Areas near traffic lights can be similarly warmer than the areas between them because of the effect of cars standing in traffic instead of moving.

我们看到another possibility很容易联想到one possibility，但是文章没有提到。所以我们通过重复词stretched, 对应到第三个方框前面一句话, the wind…stretch, 然后紧跟句子another… stretch，所以选C。

3，看逻辑关系。有转折连词的可以帮助分析作者态度。例如TPO19passage2question13，句子是：

They may be more interested in researching, for example, the adaptations that some aquatic animals undergo to survive in dry desert environments.

文章是：

Although the ecosystem concept was very popular in the 1950s and 1960s, it is no longer the dominant paradigm.■ Gleason's arguments against climax and biome are largely valid against ecosystems as well. ■ Furthermore, the number of interactions is so great that they are difficult to analyze, even with the help of large computers. Finally, younger ecologists have found ecological problems involving behavior and life-history adaptations more attractive than measuring physical constants. ■ Nevertheless, one still speaks of the ecosystem when referring to a local association of animals and plants, usually without paying much attention to the energy aspects.■。

通过刚才说的转换指代题根据单复数的技巧，轻易排除A。C后面是nevertheless，表转折，后面作者的态度是without…，表示否定。把句子they may be more interested…放在前面最合适，表示他们对…更感兴趣，尽管如此，他们不会太注意…。

通过上面三大方式，同学们可以自己尝试分析题型，了解段落的连贯性，而不是单纯的依靠感觉来做题。

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李蓉，南京新通雅思托福老师，从事阅读、写作教学工作。英语专业八级。曾在新西兰国际交换项目中担任导师，为美国、新西兰等多国学生提供学习辅导工作。熟悉西方文化。拥有丰富的教育行业工作经验。授课深入浅出，融会贯通。让学员掌握学习方法，激发学员学习兴趣。
【成功案例】
王同学，属于基础较好的高三学生。上培训课前将剑桥8做过两遍，但是正确率没有明显进步。通过和学生的多次交谈和沟通，发现他在做题之后仅仅对了答案，并没有深入剖析做题错误的根源：段落细节配对题正确率很低，他总是会错过关键信息而找不到答案。于是我们把上课重点放在同义转换归类上。不仅仅是同义词、反义词之间的转换，还有对于某个信息可能出现的句子形式也需要brainstorming练习。通过一个多月的辅导和练习，该同学参加雅思考试最终阅读考了9分的高分。

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