如何掌握雅思听力中的词汇衔接

什么是词汇衔接：词汇衔接是指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义( hyponymy)、互补(complementarity)、整体与部分等关系，来使语篇意义连贯。

专家观点：按照语言学家的观点，英语词汇衔接关系可以分为两大 类：复现关系( reiteration)和同现关系(collocation)。因此在雅思听力中抓住词汇衔接是非常重要的。

【1】同现关系出现的信号词句——词汇链

同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中，围绕一定的话题，一定的词往往会同时出现，而其他一些词汇就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系非常密切。例如：

There are five people in my family. They all work in this city. My father is a doctor. My mother is a nurse. My brother is a driver. My sister is a teacher.

在这一语段中有两组词汇同现关系，第一组是people，my family，father，mother，brother，sister;第二组是 work，doctor，nurse，driver，teacher。把这两组词汇串在一起分析，就能非常容易地判断出该语篇的主题是谈论家人的职业。

在语言运用中，人们发现在意义上相互关联的词汇经常同时出现在某一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了“词汇链’’(1exical chain)，因而，当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语即信号词句，便会由此联想到词汇套中的另一些词。例如，听到(读)“邮局”这个信号词时，人们通常会联 想到“寄信’’、“汇款”、“挂号信”、“邮票’’、“包裹”等词语。所以，当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或语段中时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连 句成篇的作用。

【2】复现关系出现的信号词句——重复性词汇

复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。

注意下面雅思听力测试的某一语段中的黑体词：

Clerk: Can I help you this evening, sir?

Traveler: Yes, please. I'd like... I'm traveling to San Francisco.

Clerk: OK, do you have your tickets already this evening?

Traveler: Yes ,I do.

Clerk: OK, sir, would you like smoking or non-smoking seats this evening?

Traveler: Er, no smoking please.

Clerk; OK, this evening you're going to be traveling out on flight 317. Your seat is 17A,

non-smoking，window.

Traveler: Thank you very much indeed. Do you need to see my passport?

Clerk: Ah，no sir.

Traveler: Thank you very much.

Clerk: Was there any bags you'd like checked this evening?

Traveler: Yes, please, one.

Clerk: OK. Is your name and address on your bag, sir?

Traveler: Yes, it is.

Clerk: OK, that'll be one bag checked to San Francisco this evening. Your claim check is

stapled in the back of your ticket jacket. Your flight will be departing out of Gate

22 this evening. Boarding time is 6:40 and your flight leaves at 7 0'clock.

Traveler: Thank you very much indeed.

Clerk: OK, have an enjoyable flight this evening.

注意上面对话中的黑体，它们都是本段听力中的重要信息，抓住这些重要的词，我们考生将得心应手。