托福听力lecture并列型分析（二）

 之前我们介绍了lecture的并列型结构，一般是围绕某一个主题并列平行展开去讲解。这类结构没有之前我们见到的直线型结构那么好区分，因为他没有明显的表示时间地点人物的信号词，但是这种结构类型是我们TPO和考试中出现的比较多的结构类型。我们这次分析一篇按并列结构分层的一篇文章。

今天我们以TPO34-L1为例，给大家讲解一下。

All right. So last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada. But I don’t want you to think the ideas we introduced last time were limited to painting, sculpture, that sort of thing. So today I want to move beyond the visual arts and talk a bit about Dada in the performing arts, in theater.首先开篇讲到了我们今天的主题达达主义，并且详细讲到我们的主题是要讲的是达达主义的表演艺术，而不仅仅是绘画雕塑方面。

But let’s start by reviewing what Dada is. OK? As you will recall, Dada began in Switzerland, in the city of Zurich, in 1916. The artists who studied it were reacting against traditional notions of beauty, of reason, of progress, which had been standards of western thought since the 18th century. They looked around. And well, I mean, the First World War was raging, so they didn’t see much beauty, reason or progress in the world. Instead, they saw a world that was chaotic, random, a world that didn’t make sense. And if that’s the way the world was, well, they wanted their art to reflect that. 首先老师为同学们复习了一下达达主义的定义，就是反对传统的美学概念，表达chaotic, random的思想。这体现了当时一站的社会背景。

So let’s…let’s review a couple of key ideas that were the backbone of Dada art.

First, the Dadaists wanted to completely reject the classical idea of art. Classical ideas like proportion, balance…all the things you think about when you think about great art. Great art involved reason, the logic, the beauty that the Dadaists wanted to overthrow.在这里体现了一个非常常见的考点就是列举内容，老师说要review一些关键信息，后面一般会有很多的列举，并且列举的内容一般都会出多选题的。首先第一点这点也非常好记就是reject the classical idea of art

So, well, you know, to a Dadaist, classical artwork was a reflection of outdated thinking! That’s why Dadaists created sculptures like the ones we saw last week. Remember the stool with the bicycle wheel mounted on top? I wouldn’t exactly called that beautiful, would you? But of course it wasn’t meant to be. That was the point! 后面聚举到了具体的例子bicycle wheel，按照我们之前的分析例子的功能一定是为了去体现主体句的，也就是第一点关键点reject the classical idea of art

So another key Dada idea we talked about was the embracing of randomness. Right? Uh…if life is random, said the Dadaists, why would we make art that has order and logic? And so we have that collage we looked at, with an artist took different, you know, cut-out squares of colored paper, threw them onto the canvas, and wherever they landed, that was the composition of the work! 用another这个词表达出了第二了关键信息random，这一点也非常的好记，紧接着就举出了相关的例子chance poetry，那还是一样例子的功能一定是为了去体现主体句，这些在题目中都有体现。

Another favorite of the Dadaists was something called chance poetry. A chance poet would pull words out of a hat and that would be…that would make up the poem! And this idea of chance and randomness was a key element of Dadaism because the whole world seemed so random to them.

So now let’s take a look at how Dadaist ideas represented to audiences in highly unconventional…well…I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events. I suppose you just have to call them shows. These shows started in Zurich in a place called the Cabaret Voltaire.

The rejection of classical western art, well, you see this in the nature of what took place at the Cabaret Voltaire. They didn’t put on plays or operas there. What they did was throw out all conventions. 之后老师讲到了另外的信息，要讲到跟performance相关的信息，并且举到一个具体的例子，在Cabaret Voltaire上演的一出戏，这出戏是对达达主义最好的体现。

They mixed everything and anything together. They would…it might start with somebody reading a poem. Then somebody else playing an instrument, followed by a display of paintings, followed by somebody else chanting, followed by somebody else banging on a big drum, and someone dressed in a robot costume jumping up and down. So it’s not like a play. There’s no real plot development here like you’d find in the traditional theatrical performance. 紧接着开始具体的描述了这出戏的题点，这出戏会把所有的元素的综合起来包括了一系列内容：唱跳绘画打鼓等等，这一系列元素正是体现了之前我们所说的达达主义所体现的混乱和随机性。而这些特点在题目中都是有体现的。

lecture并列型分析本篇例题就为大家讲解到这里，如果同学们对托福考试或者感兴趣，