托福阅读：托福听力lecture并列型分析

今天韩梦子老师为大家带来的是lecture并列型分析。当中，听力lecture对相当一部分同学来说，会有一些困难。今天老师韩梦子为大家带来的lecture解析相信可以给大家带来一些帮助。

之前我们介绍了lecture的并列型结构，一般是围绕某一个主题并列平行展开去讲解。这类结构没有之前我们见到的直线型结构那么好区分，因为他没有明显的表示时间地点人物的信号词，但是这种结构类型是我们TPO和考试中出现的比较多的结构类型。我们这次分析一篇按并列结构分层的一篇文章

今天我们以TPO33-L1为例，给大家讲解一下。

The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt might be the most famous building in the world. We know exactly when it was built. Construction started in 2547 B.C.E., about 4500 years ago. We know who had it built. That was the pharaoh Khufu. We know who oversaw its construction—the pharaoh’s brother. We know so many things about it, but the funny thing is: we still don’t know exactly how it was built. 首先对文章的背景进行介绍，主要讲的是金字塔的相关信息。

This picture will give you an idea of the size of the Pyramid and the size of the blocks it’s made out of that. About two million stone blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid and they are incredibly massive. The average weight is two and a half tons. 金字塔的石块是非常巨大的，平均的重量有2.5吨

The problem that has puzzled scholars for centuries is how were these blocks lifted up the height of this massive structure and then fit into place and without the benefit of modern technology. Of course, there’ve been a lot of theories over the centuries. 紧接着后面就讲到我们研究的重点是金字塔到底是如何建造的，并且直接说出我们目前为止有一些理解可以解释，之后就按照我们常见的列举的方法进行描述。

The oldest recorded one is by the Greek historian Herodotus. He visited Egypt around 450 B.C.E., when the Pyramid was already 2000 years old. His theory was that cranes were used, much like we use cranes today to construct tall buildings. And Herodotus may have seen Egyptians using cranes made of wood. But the problem with this theory has to do with simple mechanics. A crane needs a wide and sturdy base to stand on or it will fall over. Well, as you get toward the top of the Pyramid, there’s really no place for a crane to stand. The stone blocks are too narrow to provide a base. Well, so much for that theory. 第一个理论是最古老的理论，使用了crane，并且后面也直接指出了这种理论的问题：crane需要一个稳定问基底，但是当建造到顶部的时候，就没有了这个基底。所以这个方法是有问题的。根据我们之前所说的，后面的理论也一定会给出评价性的描述。

The next one has to do with the use of a ramp that would allow workers to drag a stone block up the side of the structure. Of course the ramp can’t be too steep. It has to have a long gentle slope. And that’s the problem. If you build a ramp with a slight slope up to the top of a Pyramid that’s over 130 meters high, it would have to be almost two kilometers long. Well, the Pyramid is built on a flat area called the Giza Plateau. The Plateau is simply not big enough to accommodate a two-kilometer-long ramp. 第二种理论使用ramp，跟之前的推测一样，也指出了这种理论的不足之处。如果要建造ramp一直见到金字塔顶部的话，这个ramp就需要有2km长，但是金字塔所在的地区根本就没有这么大。

OK. So what now? Well, if you’ve ever driven on a mountain road, you’d know that it has a lot of twists and turns and bends in it, because that’s how engineers keep the road from having to be too steep. So why not wrap the ramp around the Pyramid? Building the ramp around it as you go. Sounds like a pretty good idea. Except it’s got a serious problem. See…one of the most remarkable things about the Great Pyramid is how accurate the proportions are. The dimensions are almost perfect. To get that perfection, the engineers must have had to measure it repeatedly during construction. And the way you’d measure it is from the four corners of the base. Well, if you got a ramp spiraling up from the base of the Pyramid, those corners would be buried by that ramp during construction. 第三种理论依旧如此，还是存在一系列的问题。我们如果把ramp环绕着金字塔建造的话，就会把金字塔的四个角埋起来，这样就没办法反复的测量金字塔的比例，金字塔的比例也就没有办法这么的完美了

Well, who says the ramp has to be on the outside of the Pyramid? And now we get to the latest idea. If the ramp were on the inside of the Pyramid, the corners at the base would be exposed, so the engineers could do their measurements while they were building. 最后提出了最新的理论。可以把ramp建立在金字塔的内部。

Well, an architect named Houdin has spent a few years working on making computer models of the building of the Pyramid. And what Houdin believes is that an exterior straight ramp was used to construct the bottom third of the Pyramid, this ramp would have been fairly short. It probably rose less than 50 meters. Then the rest of the Pyramid was constructed using an internal ramp that spiraled around the inside of the Pyramid. 最后提出最新的由houdin提出的理解，基本上是吧第二种和第三种理论结合起来，用一个直的ramp建造下面的三层，剩下的用一个内部的旋转ramp建造

But how can we test this idea? Well, there are several ways to look inside the Pyramid.

One is called microgravimetry. Microgravimetry is a technique that’s used to detect voids inside a structure. You can then take the data and generate an image that shows any empty spaces in the interior. Well, in 1986, French scientists completed a microgravimetric survey of the Pyramid. And one of the images they produced showed an empty spiral-shaped space inside it. The shape of that space corresponds exactly to what Houdin thought the ramp would look like. I think Herodotus would be convinced. We might very well be at the end of centuries of guessing. 这种理论也有相应的评价，但是最终科学家是能够证实这种理论是有合理的，我们可以通过microgravimetric去检测金字塔的内部空隙，最后这种理论背证实了，所以最后说道We might very well be at the end of centuries of guessing.

这篇文章就给大家分享到这里了，如果同学们对于有任何的疑问，请点击此处咨询。新通教育为大家提供服务，专业老师带你学，相信大家的学习效率一定会噌噌往上涨~点击此处咨询托福课程哦

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