托福阅读中的推理 你真的会做吗？

众所周知，托福阅读中，推理题也是比较有分量的。它的模式一般有几种，比如出现infer, imply等，下面有几点是大家需要注意的。
　　1  并不是所有的推理题都需要推理，有一类推理题是不需要推理的，直接把文中对应的句子paraphrase一下就是正确答案！比如TPO34  The Development of Steam Power大家一起来看一下。
　　1】By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet it remained tremendously important. It served as the primary source of heat for all homes and industries and as a basic raw material. Processed wood (charcoal) was the fuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The iron industry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a few decades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holding England back1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain's short supply of wood in the eighteenth century?
　　A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
　　B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
　　C.Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
　　D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
　　这道题的答案是B.通过第二句话Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay.由于人口增长，中世纪的英国大部分的森林早就被粮食和干草取代。就可以得到答案。这个过程没有推理，选项B只不过是对原文的同义改写。
　　大家注意，做推理题真正的困境不在于读不懂句子，而在于很多考生根本就不知道应该用原文的哪一句话来推理。需要大家对于不同的题型要多加练习。推理题的困境是它跟其他的题型不同，它着重考查大家能否准确的找到用于推理的那句话。这显然要基于对段落的充分理解和对原文的把握。推理除了通过时间，地点以及专有名词进行反义推理外，还有就是正向推理。
　　Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
　　2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
　　A.It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
　　B.There were great numbers of them.
　　C.They lived in the sea only.
　　D.They did not leave many fossil remains
　　文章里没有任何关于繁殖和抚养后代，但是文章最后一句说到了龙王鲸一直生活在海洋里，所以大家就能够通过整体与部分来选出答案。所以答案是D