托福听力lecture直线型分析

上次我们大概介绍了lecture的直线型结构，一般是指按照时间推移、地点变化或者人物的出场为顺序讲述某一个主题。我们在听的时候一般表示时间、地点和人物的词汇是比较好识别的，所以这类的结构层次是比较好分的一种。

今天我们以一篇TPO4-L4为例，给大家讲解一下。

这篇lecture一开始老师就说到：OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank?所以主题我们就知道了，主要讲的是政府对于艺术的支持。后面一句话有表示时间的词：Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project. （…）Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out of-work artists. 这是第一个时间1930s的一个Federal Art Project。并且后面又说到：Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts.

后面又出现的表示时间的词we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts.这句话中直接提出政府支持艺术的方式是提供资金。And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created. So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. 这句话中也直接提出65年建立了National Endowment for the Arts并且它起到的作用是在全国范围内发展艺术。And by the mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.指出在74年所有的州都有了自己独立的arts agencies

后面的文章中虽然没有提到时间，但是分层的方式也很明显，后面直接讲到corporations。 corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts.讲到公司对于艺术的支持，是在政府的刺激之下进行的，并且举出例子Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C和Lincoln Centre in New York。

之后又以提问的方式分出下一层次But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts? 表示还有人不认为政府该支持艺术，并从politician和artists两类人群分别讲述。a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget.和艺术家with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create.

所以整篇文章的层次应该是如下：

·1930s   federal art project

·WWⅡ   not necessary

·1960s   president Kennedy major funding

·1965     NEA created、promote through out nation

·1970s (1974) all 50 states have own agency

·Corporation   support art(government made it so)

·Don’ think it’s the government’s role to support

politician– half the budget

artist – don’t want the government to control