托福TPO40听力Lecture真题解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福听力备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力，选择好适合的练习材料是个非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO40听力Lecture真题解析。

托福TPO40听力Lecture1  【在线咨询】

1. What point does the professor make about the writing of a formal analysis in art history?
a. Its objective is to identify common features of several works of art.
b. Its most important part is the explanation of an artwork's significance.
c. Several styles of writing a formal analysis are used by art historians.
d. A particular approach is required to present Information about an artwork.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：formal analysis in art history

解析：(从第22秒开始，原文重现：I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about, so your next step in this process needs to be, to go look at the work you selected as your topic, and bring a pencil and a notepad with you, because I don’t mean you should just drop by at the museum, and glance at it, so you can say you see it in real life, you need to go and sit in front of the work, and really look at it, carefully, slowly, and keep careful notes about what you see, you need them for the kind of art history paper you are going to be writing, it’s what we call a formal analysis. A formal analysis of a work of art, any kind of art, is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form, things like color, texture, line, shapes, proportion, and composition.)
教授在开篇就对formal analysis进行了介绍，它是用一种特殊的方式用来呈现一件艺术品的信息，比如需要基于它的一些属性，如颜色，质地，线条，形状，比例，组成等等，所以D选项正确。

2. According to the professor, what will students need to do before writing the art history paper?
a. Look at examples of formal analysis in textbooks
b. Take notes on the artwork they will write about
c. Go to different museums before selecting a topic for the paper
d. Study the historical context of the artwork they will write about
答案：B
破题关键词汇：before writing the art history paper

解析：(从第41秒开始，原文重现：you need to go and sit in front of the work, and really look at it, carefully, slowly, and keep careful notes about what you see)
所以B选项正确，需要仔细的对艺术品进行记录。

3. Why does the professor mention an English class?
a. To explain the difference between visual language and written language
b. To explain that students need good writing skills for their assignment
c. To point out similarities between a poetry paper and the students' assignment
d. To point out that many art historians become writers
答案：C
破题关键词汇：an English class

解析：(从第1分32秒开始，原文重现：A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.)
由此可见，作者之所以提及英语课，是因为写analysis poem和写艺术历史的analysis paper之间是很类似的，所以C选项正确。

4. What does the professor recommend as a way to understand the relationship between different parts of an artwork?
a. Looking for lines that connect different parts of the work
b. Examining the artwork from several different angles
c. Looking for similar colors the artist used throughout the work
d. Determining how the viewer's eyes move around the work
答案：D
破题关键词汇：the relationship between different parts of an artwork

解析：(从第2分44秒开始，原文重现：And if you don’t know where to begin, take note of where your eye goes first. Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.)
根据原文，教授说如果不知道从何入手，那么可以首先记录一下自己的眼睛第一眼会看哪里，然后根据眼睛移动的顺序来对艺术品进行描述，所以D选项正确。

5. Why does the professor talk about his own experience analyzing the painting of a little boy?
a. To point out a common misconception about formal analysis
b. To stress the importance of looking at an artwork thoroughly
c. To show why a formal analysis should not emphasize small details
d. To provide an example of an artwork that is easy to analyze
答案：B
破题关键词汇：own experience, a little boy

解析：(从第3分33秒开始，原文重现：In the painting, the little boy was standing in his nursery, and he was holding a toy bird in his hand, and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting, because of the bird he was holding, I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children, but as I looked the painting longer, I realized that the boy’s eyes look sad, even though there was no discern of the expression on his face, and then it domed on me that even though he was surround by toys, he was all alone in his nursery, the boy’s eyes were significant detail in the painting that I didn’t notice at first. )
根据原文，教授说刚开始看时，以为这幅画只是在讲孩子的无辜，但是仔细看后，发现是在讲这个孩子的孤独，所以B选项正确，教授想要强调仔细彻底的看一幅画的重要性。

6. The professor describes three sections the art history paper should contain. Place them in the order in which they should appear in the paper.
Click on a phrase. Then drag it to the space where it belongs.
1.
2.
3.
Answer Choices
a.Analysis of the design elements the artist uses
b.Discussion of the meaning of the artwork
c.Summary of the appearance of the artwork
答案：C, A, B
破题关键词汇：the art history paper should contain, in the order

解析：(从第2分01秒开始，原文重现：This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analysis it. )
根据原文可知C 选项的把艺术品的外观总结呈现给大家，是排在第一位的，然后是再进一步的A选项的对艺术品的设计元素进行分析，最后是B选项的对艺术品的含义进行讨论。

托福TPO40听力Lecture2  【在线咨询】

1. What is the discussion mainly about?
a. Results of privatization in the cod-fishing industry
b. Laws that regulate the cod-fishing industry
c. A recent study on cod-fishing techniques
d. Problems related to the overfishing of cod
答案：D
破题关键词汇：mainly about

解析：(从第45秒开始，原文重现：There were simply too many fishing vessels, sophisticated vessels.)
由此可知本文将围绕鳕鱼的过度捕捞展开叙述，因此D选项正确。

2. Why does the professor compare Cape Cod to Newfoundland?
a. To explain how some of Cape Cod’s waters first became privatized
b. To illustrate the enormous size of Cape Cod’s seventeenth-century cod population
c. To explain why large-scale cod fishing began later in Cape Cod than elsewhere
d. To highlight the results of two different evolutionary pressures on cod
答案：B
破题关键词汇：compare to

解析：(从第14秒开始，原文重现：The area was named Cape Cod because there were so many cod fish in the water just off its shores. So many that the first Europeans who fish there in the seventeenth century reported it was better than Newfoundland Canada.)
由此可知教授之所以将科德角和纽芬兰进行对比，是为了突出科德角的鳕鱼数量非常多。所以B选项正确。

3. What change did scientists notice around Cape Cod after the 1940s?
a. The amount of pollutants dumped into the ocean increased dramatically.
b. Trawling ships violated fishing regulations more often.
c. The cod population's diet became less diverse.
d. Cod began to mature at a younger age.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：after the 1940s

解析：(从第1分45秒开始，原文重现：biologists noticed that around Cape Cod, the cod were beginning to mature at an earlier age than normal.)
由此可知D选项为同义替换，生物学家观察到鳕鱼开始在更早的年龄发育成熟。

4. What point does the professor make about reproduction among small cod fish as compared to larger cod fish?
a. Eggs produced by smaller cod are less likely to survive.
b. Smaller cod produce fewer eggs.
c. The offspring of smaller cod do not live as long
d. Smaller cod produce eggs fewer times per year
答案：B
破题关键词汇：reproduction

解析：(从第2分36秒开始，原文重现：And when you’re a small cod reproducing, you produce fewer eggs than a large cod.)
由此可知B选项正确，相比较于大的鳕鱼，小的鳕鱼在繁殖时会排出更少的卵。

5. What is the professor's opinion of privatization for the management of an environmental resource?
a. Privatization is an imperfect tool.
b. Privatization should be tried more often.
c. Privatization usually results in political conflicts.
d. Privatization usually results in the best outcome.
答案：A
破题关键词汇：privatization

解析：(从第3分16秒开始，原文重现：Ok, but the problem is, privatization doesn't necessarily resolve in better management of an environmental resource.)
由此可知私有化并不能有效的解决环境资源的管理问题。所以A选项正确。

6. According to the professor, what was the result of the 200-mile exclusive economic zone declared by the United States and Canada?
a. The cod population moved further out to sea.
b. The cod population began to recover.
c. More trawlers began fishing around Cape Cod.
d. Penalties for overfishing were toughened.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：result , 200-mile exclusive economic zone

解析：(从第4分31秒开始，原文重现：The total number of fishing trawlers actually increased.)
由此可知在美国和加拿大宣布了200海里专属经济区之后，渔船数量反而增多了。所以C选项正确。

托福TPO40听力Lecture3  【在线咨询】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
a. To argue that carbon emissions today are not the only factor responsible for global warming
b. To provide evidence that rates of global carbon emissions fluctuate over time
c. To show the importance of distinguishing between different types of carbon emissions
d. To describe different ways carbon is removed from the atmosphere
答案： C
破题关键词汇：purpose

解析：(从第54秒开始，原文重现：So we are gonna focus today on the difference between good, bad and well the not so bad, the potentially OK carbon burning.)
教授说今天将会主要研究有利碳燃烧，无利碳燃烧，潜在有利碳燃烧之间的区别，所以C选项正确。

2. What aspects of outer space does the professor emphasize?
Click on 2 answers.
a. Its vastness
b. Its cold temperatures
c. The absence of life there
d. Its role as the ultimate source of energy on Earth
答案： B, C
破题关键词汇：outer space

解析：(从第1分50秒开始，原文重现：Because without carbon and other greenhouse gases, our planet will be the same temperature as outer space, around four degrees above absolute zero. And there’s nothing going on at that temperature, no possibility of life of any sort.)
教授说如果没有碳或者其他温室气体，我们的星球就会和外太空有着一样的温度，在绝对零度之上四度左右，所以B选项正确。也不会有其他的生命体，所以C选项正确。

3. According to the professor, how do the oceans remove carbon from the atmosphere?
Click on 2 answers.
a. By dissolving it
b. Through a process of condensation and precipitation
c. By storing the remains of marine animals
d. Through the regulation of air temperatures
答案： A, C
破题关键词汇：oceans remove carbon

解析：(从第2分24秒开始，原文重现：Also, it dissolves in the oceans. Or get stored, deep in the ocean. You have shellfish that use the CO2 dissolve in the water to make carbon in shells, and when they die, they fall to the ocean floor.)
根据原文，海洋移除二氧化碳的方式有两种，一种是使其溶解，即A选项。另外一种是被贝类生物储存在其贝壳中，即C选项。

4. Why does the professor mention mining?
a. To explain why the price of fossil fuels is continually rising
b. To explain how certain fuel sources can be recovered from the ocean floor
c. To explain why coal and oil are more difficult to obtain than natural gas
d. To explain why fossil fuels contribute to an excess of carbon in the atmosphere
答案：D
破题关键词汇：mining

解析：(从第3分06秒开始，原文重现：These substances are all mine. We have to dig them up or drill a well to release them. And this is carbon that was in the atmosphere millions of years ago. So what happens is when we burn this carbon, ok it doesn’t really release a whole lot compare to the amount that’s already there in the atmosphere, but it adds to the pool. And over year, it accumulates.)
根据原文，教授之所以提及矿业，是为了解释这些化石燃料是怎样加剧大气中的碳含量的，所以 C选项正确。

5. What does the professor mean when he refers to biomass carbon as "current carbon"?
a. It is the fuel source most widely approved by environmentalists today.
b. It is part of a balanced system of carbon emission and absorption.
c. It is circulated throughout the oceans by the movement of ocean water.
d. It readily combines with other carbon molecules to produce long chains.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：current carbon

解析：(从第4分10秒开始，原文重现：Biomass carbon is what we might call current carbon. It’s always going in and out of the atmosphere. So if we burn one of these fuels, we are putting its carbon into the atmosphere right? But in a balanced system somewhere else in the world the same amount of carbon is going back. It gets taking in by growing vegetation.)
根据原文，教授提及current carbon的意思是说在一个平衡的系统中，释放出的碳含量和被吸收的碳含量其实是相同的，所以 B选项正确。

6. Why does the professor say this
a. To let students know that the term “greenhouse effect” will be tested
b. To indicate that the definition of “greenhouse effect” will be discussed
c. To suggest that his previous definition of “greenhouse effect” was imprecise
d. To acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding the use of the term “greenhouse effect”
答案：B
破题关键词汇：But let’s make sure anyway.

解析：(从第14秒开始，原文重现：Everyone knows what that is, right? But let’s make sure anyway.)
教授说But let’s make sure anyway的意思就是暗示学生，接下来会把之前说的温室效应这个概念再介绍一遍，所以 B选项正确。

托福TPO40听力Lecture4  【在线咨询】

1. What issue does the professor mainly discuss?
a. Government purchases of private property to expand transportation routes
b. The rising cost of public transportation in the United States
c. The transfer of certain public assets to for-profit companies
d. Whether voters can be persuaded to approve toll increases
答案：C
破题关键词汇：mainly discuss

解析：(从第19秒开始，原文重现：Now, traditionally, much of the society’s infrastructure particularly the transportation infrastructure has been owned in operated by states, by governments. But lately, local and state governments have started to consider and sometimes actually enter into various deals to privatize parts of their infrastructure. Particularly in the transportation sector. )
由此可知lecture的内容将围绕公共资产从公有化到私有化的转变，尤其是交通方面，所以 B选项正确。

2. Why does the professor mention highway construction that took place during the 1950s and 1960s?
a. To point out changes in voter attitudes toward toll and tax increases
b. To suggest that mistakes were made when the highway system was built
c. To explain why traffic congestion is not as bad as it used to be
d. To make a point about the current need for infrastructure repairs
答案：D
破题关键词汇： highway construction, during the 1950s and 1960s

解析：(从第1分钟开始，原文重现：But these facilities are getting old now and they’re becoming more and more expensive to maintain, very expensive actually. Tolls and tax revenues don’t often cover all the needed repairs. )
由此可知这些基础设施已经越来越旧了，但是维修费用却越来越贵，通行费和税收已经不够支付所需的维修费用了，所以 D选项正确。

3. According to the professor, why do governments consider selling or leasing pieces of infrastructure?
Click on 2 answers.
a. Governments often have difficulty balancing their general budgets.
b. The money that governments receive from user fees has gone down in recent years
c. Political considerations limit governments’ ability to raise money for maintenance.
d. Private companies are better able to estimate the cost of infrastructure repairs.
答案：A, C
破题关键词汇：selling or leasing

解析：(从第2分08秒开始，原文重现：Since they’re not government entities, private companies face less political resistance, say to raising tolls in order to provide that better service. But besides that, there’s another reason governments like these deals. States often have troubles paying their bills, and they can use money they get from selling or leasing a piece of infrastructure to balance their budget.)
由此可知政府愿意变卖或者租赁基础设施的原因有两个，一是，由于它们不属于政府财产，私企就会面临较少的政治阻力，它们可以提高通行费来对其进行维修等，对应C选项。二是，国家也经常面临赤字，所以变卖或者租赁基础设施也可以使其财政支出平衡，
对应A选项。

4. What does the professor imply about some people s concerns over privatizing parts of an infrastructure?
a. Their concerns are likely to diminish in the future.
b. Their concerns are completely justified.
c. Their concerns suggest that voters need better information.
d. Their concerns have mostly been disregarded by governments.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：imply, privatizing parts

解析：(从第2分41秒开始，原文重现：For instance, in almost every case this far, the first thing private company’s do, is drastically raise user fees because they say, oh we must do critical maintenance that’s gone undone for years and years, and because we are private company, we can’t use tax money to do it, our only option is raising tolls.)
由此可知人们的担心是完全有必要的，因为这些私企会马上增收通行费美其名曰为基础设施做维修，所以B选项正确。

5. What does the professor imply about secondary roads?
a. Their availability tends to limit toll increases on major highways.
b. They can be more expensive to repair than major highways are.
c. Increasing numbers of them are becoming toll roads.
d. Commuters are attracted to them for their scenic qualities.
答案：A
破题关键词汇：imply, secondary roads

解析：(从第3分42秒开始，原文重现：So market forces do play a role in keeping private companies from raising their tolls too much.)
所以这些次要道路的作用就是为了防止私企过度提高通行费，因为当通行费太高时，人们就会转而选择这些secondary roads，所以A选项正确。

6. According to the professor, what is likely to happen when a bridge provides steady revenue for a private company?
a. The bridge will be well maintained in the long term.
b. The company will not raise tolls.
c. Other companies will be interested in buying the bridge.
d. Voters will pressure the government to buy back the bridge.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：provides steady revenue, a private company

解析：(从第4分05秒开始，原文重现：If a company buys a or gets a long term lease on a toll bridge from the government, it’s got an almost guaranteed steady source of revenue for years and years, which means that if a company decides that it wants to sell the bridge to another company, say ten years from now, it’ll have no problem finding a buyer.)
根据原文可知，如果一个公司从政府处购买或者得到收费桥的长期租约，每年就会有一个很稳定的税收源，也就是说，如果这个公司想把这个收费桥卖给其他公司，是不难找到买家的，所以C选项正确。

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