托福TPO42听力Lecture真题解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福听力备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力，选择好适合的练习材料是个非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO42听力Lecture真题解析。

托福TPO42听力Lecture1  【在线咨询】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain why a particular statue of a Roman emperor is so famous
B. To discuss how classical Greek and Roman statues looked in ancient times
C. To describe the types of pigments Greek and Roman artists applied to statues
D. To explain a shift from monochrome to polychrome statues in ancient times
答案：B

解析：关键词Now之后，“Now, the ideal of playing white sculpture goes back to fifteenth century Europe, when Renaissance artists rediscovered ancient Greek and Roman culture.”即为文章主旨。教授想要教给学生们关于古代经典希腊和罗马雕像的知识。所以B选项正确。

2. Why does the professor mention statues created by Renaissance artists in fifteenth-century Europe?
A. To emphasize the importance of color in Renaissance works of art
B. To help explain the method used to determine the age of a statue
C. To point out the origin of the belief that ancient marble statues were monochrome
D. To point out that Renaissance artists used other materials besides marble to create statues
答案：C

解析：根据关键词Renaissance定位至原文第一段“They were inspired by sculptures that appeared monochrome, so they created white marble statues.”可知艺术家们被这些单色雕塑所启发，创作了白色大理石雕塑。所以C选项正确。

3. According to the professor, what are two reasons that ancient statues may no longer have any visible traces of paint?
Click on 2 answers.
A. The paint was eroded away.
B. The marble absorbed the paint over time.
C. Museum curators intentionally removed the paint.
D. The paint was accidentally removed during cleaning.
答案：A, D

解析：根据关键词have any visible traces of paint定位至原文第二段“In other cases, the pigment may have been weathered away while it exposed to the elements, or someone may have rigorously clean these statues and unknowingly remove the last traces of pigment.”可知雕像的颜料可能已被风化，所以A选项正确。或者有人在清洁雕像时无意间移除了最后的颜料痕迹，所以D选项正确。

4. What is the professor’s opinion about ancient statues that were once painted?
A. They should be judged by their form rather than their color.
B. They should be interpreted with the artists’ intentions in mind.
C. They should be fully restored to their original colors.
D. They probably represent only a small minority of classical statues.
答案：B

解析：根据原文“As art historians we must tried interpret the intentions of the artists, what were the artists trying to achieve. ”教授说作为艺术历史学家我们应该尽量去解读艺术家的意图，所以B选项正确。

5. According to the professor, what is significant about the paint on the statue of Augustus?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It helped protect the statue from erosion.
B. The different colors were made from valuable pigments.
C. The color of the armor indicated the youth of Augustus.
D. The color of the cloak symbolized authority.
答案：B, D

解析：根据原文“And it turns out that the color is word just from any pigment. They were from expensive pigments.”可知这些颜料都及其昂贵，因此B选项正确。
“And in real life, was a red color, which to the Romans signify the emperor’s authority, military, and political authority.”可知领子上的颜色代表着罗马君主的权威，因此D选项正确。

6. What does the professor imply that art historians should do?
A. Try to preserve deteriorating ancient pigments with an organic surface treatment.
B. Educate the public about the damage caused by cleaning works of art.
C. Study the remaining traces of pigments on as many ancient sculptures as possible.
D. Try to re-create the mineral-based paints that were used in ancient times.
答案：C

解析：根据原文结尾部分的内容“There are many many more sculptures that have traces of pigments left on them. And we have the technology these days to be able to carry out effective studies in these pigments. There’s a lot of work to be done. But it needs to be done fast. Like I said before, these pigments deteriorate rapidly. So we really need to do the research before the traces are gone. ”可知教授呼吁大家尽快去研究这些颜料的剩余痕迹，并且尽量多研究一些，所以C选项正确。

托福TPO42听力Lecture2  【在线咨询】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain the difficulty of classifying distant objects in the universe
B. To introduce a classification system for galaxy clusters
C. To present some recent discoveries about the shapes of galaxies
D. To describe some differences between galaxies and clusters
答案：B

解析：根据原文第一二句话，“Before we continue talking about the properties of individual galaxies, it’s worth talking about the distribution of galaxies in space. Efforts at mapping or survey in the universe, making it sort of atlas of galaxies have been going on more than fifty years. ”可知，教授在本节课中将会对星系团的分布及类别进行讲解。所以B选项正确。

2. What did Shapley and Ames discover about the universe?
A. Most galaxies are symmetrical.
B. More galaxies exist in the universe than was once believed.
C. Galaxies occur in clusters throughout the universe.
D. Clusters are distributed uniformly throughout the universe.
答案：C

解析：根据原文 “And they made an important discovery. Their survey was the first to indicate that the galaxies were not distributed uniformly in space, some areas have a lot of galaxies, and the other areas had just a few. Another way to put in this is just say that galaxies are clustered. They are not spread evenly in the universe. So we have stars group together in galaxies and in galaxies group together in cluster.” 可知Shapley和Ames的发现就是星系是成群分布的，所以C选项正确。

3. Why does the professor emphasize the number of clusters mapped by Abell?
A. To help explain why Abell’s classification scheme was widely adopted
B. To explain why Abell was the first astronomer to notice spiral-shaped galaxies
C. To provide evidence that Abell’s method of surveying galaxies was superior to that used for previous surveys
D. To show how much Abell relied on earlier research
答案：A

解析：根据关键词classification scheme定位至原文 “One of the reasons his scheme has been so widely accepted is because his sample size. With all the clusters in his sample, he could determine the different characteristics of clusters and these characteristics form the basis of his classification scheme” 可知A选项为同义替换，所以A选项正确。

4. What aspects of clusters did Abell use to classify them?
Click on 2 answers.
A. The density of the cluster
B. The shape of the cluster
C. The age of the cluster
D. The type of galaxies in the cluster
答案：A, B

解析：根据原文“Now, two of the characteristics crucial to his classification were richness and symmetry. ”
根据原文学生提问 Is that the same as density? 教授回答：That’s right, both richness and density refer to the number per area. 所以A选项正确。
根据原文学生提问And symmetry just refers to its shape? 教授回答：Graphically speaking yes. 所以B选项正确。

5. Why does the professor discuss the Coma and Virgo clusters?
A. To indicate a limitation of Abell’s survey
B. To distinguish between rich and non-rich clusters
C. To demonstrate that clusters considered irregular in shape are basically spherical
D. To illustrate that the shape of a cluster is independent of the shape of the galaxies within it
答案：D

解析：根据原文 “But the individual galaxies within it are elliptical. They are not spherical or spiral shaped. ”可知星系团的形状和其中星系的形状是独立的。所以D选项正确。

6. What is the professor's opinion of Abell's assumption that all clusters are about the same size?
A. He is surprised that it has been disproved.
B. He believes that there is not enough data to support it.
C. He is impressed that it has been proved correct.
D. He thinks it is Abell’s most important contribution to astronomy.
答案：C

解析：根据原文 “And it was just an assumption that all clusters to about the same size. It’s remarkable that it proved to be correct. ” 所以C选项正确。

托福TPO42听力Lecture3  【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Why fungi cannot grow well in polluted ecosystems
B. Why fungi pose a danger to the underground water system
C. How to prevent heavy metals from getting into the soil
D. How fungi can clean up pollution that is in the soil
答案：C

解析：题目考察文章主旨。全文都在讲如何防止重金属进入土地进而形成污染，lecture的结尾还在讲蘑菇可以作为有效的清洁污染的能源，因此C选项正确。

2. What does the professor say about the way fungi get their food?
A. They use certain metal compounds in the soil as nutrients.
B. The enzymes that they produce allow them to absorb organic nutrients from the soil.
C. They separate nutrients from heavy metals and then return the metals to the soil.
D. Heavy metals interfere with their way of getting nutrients from the soil.
答案：B

解析：根据原文 A fungus creates enzymes into the soil, enzymes that break down, decompose organic material in the soil, so the fungus can absorb this material and get nutrition. 可知酶可以从土中产出菌类需要的有机营养，所以B选项正确。

3. What two points does the professor make about chitin?
Click on 2 answers.
A. Chitin binds strongly to certain heavy metals.
B. Insects need chitin in order to digest the fungi they eat.
C. Chitin can be added to soil to create a good habitat for fungi.
D. The cell walls of fungi, like the exoskeletons of insects, contain chitin.
答案：A, D

解析：根据原文But beyond that, the filaments also pull out of the soil a great deal of the pollution that might be in there, especially heavy metals. 所以A选项正确。
根据原文 Believe it or not, the only other place that chitin is found abundance is in the exoskeletons of insects, crabs and such. 所以D选项正确。

4. What do adsorption and absorption in fungi have in common?
A. They both can help the production of new filaments.
B. They both can increase the production of chitin.
C. They both can help keep pollutants out of groundwater.
D. They both result in the strengthening of cell walls.
答案：C

解析：根据原文 And thereby detoxify a large soil ecosystem. The heavy metals are still there, but instead of leaching into the water system and contaminating the water underground, large amounts of these metals may remain bound to the chitin to the cell walls of filaments fungi and the soil. 可知菌类的吸附和吸收作用都可避免污染物污染地下水。所以C选项正确。

5. Why does the professor mention the antibiotic penicillin?
A. To suggest that more fungi should be investigated as potential sources of medications
B. To point out that certain heavy metals are needed for the production of penicillin
C. To criticize the pharmaceutical industry for contributing to environmental pollution
D. To show how a waste product from one process can be useful in another process
答案：D

解析：根据原文We can put these filters into waste pipes from industrial processes and use the filters to trap heavy metal like mercury and zinc. 可知这些生产出的废物其实都是可被再次利用的，因此D选项正确。
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

6. Why does the professor say this:
A. She does not have time to fully explain the reason.
B. She is hopeful that students will be able to figure out the reason.
C. She wonders why mushrooms are not already used for cleaning up pollution.
D. She realizes that the research she has been discussing is still in its early stages.
答案：C

解析：教授说For some reason, this hasn’t happened yet as far as I know, but I can easily envision cultivating mushrooms for the sole purpose of detoxifying a large underground ecosystem. 所以C选项正确，因为教授好奇为什么蘑菇还没有被用来清理污染物。

托福TPO42听力Lecture4  【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. The most common causes of service failures
B. Effective strategies for preventing service failures
C. The importance of having a plan to address service failures
D. Ways in which different industries respond to service failures
答案：C

解析：professor在开篇简单列举了几种失败案例，比如miss deadlines, process problems, human error, 并且根据原文So, if you are in a service industry, as a marketer you always need some kind of service recovery plan. 可知她此次lecture的目的就是为了强调这些关于服务行业失败案例对应方案的重要性。所以C选项正确。

2. Why does the professor talk about a car rental agency?
A. To demonstrate the importance of employee training
B. To introduce the concept of service recovery
C. To point out that most service failures are within a company’s control
D. To point out that it is costly to implement a service recovery plan
答案：B

解析：教授用汽车租赁中介作为例子，举例说明比如顾客进行预约但是员工却记错了日期，此时应该如何对顾客进行一些补偿，这就是service recovery. 所以B选项正确，借这个例子来介绍服务补救的这个概念。

3. Why does the student mention his experience at a hotel in Chicago?
A. To show how complaints about a negative experience can hurt a business
B. To illustrate a surprising result of a successful service recovery
C. To give an example of an ineffective service recovery
D. To stress the importance of preventive maintenance in the hotel industry
答案：B

解析：学生举了一个自己的例子，夏天和家人去芝加哥度假时所居住的酒店空调坏了，酒店所采取的对策就是整个周末没有收取空调费用，所以即使学生觉得这次的居住体验并不理想，但是却因为酒店迅速的安抚了大家不满的情绪，所以此后他再去芝加哥时，每次都会选择这家酒店。即一个非常成功的服务失败但是却迅速补救成功的案例。所以B选项正确。

4. What is the professor’s opinion of the service recovery paradox?
A. It should not be relied on as a way to increase customer loyalty.
B. It does not produce long-lasting benefits for the service provider.
C. It is more common in the hotel industry than in other service industries.
D. It can only be beneficial if the customer is not aware of the original failure.
答案：A

解析：针对学生提出的问题，是否可以故意使用户不满，然后再采取补救方案使其更加满意。教授回应道：Look, it’s always better to do things right the first time, ’cause how can you know the paradox will hold true in every situation? Plus, it’s hard to predict if a good service recovery will overcome the negative affect of a service failure. 所以A选项正确，不应采取这样的方案来吸引顾客甚至是作为提高用户忠诚度的途径。

5. What point does the professor make when she mentions a fast-food restaurant?
A. Service failures should be analyzed from the service provider's perspective.
B. A customer’s reaction to a service failure can vary under different circumstances.
C. It is important for service managers to identify the source of a service failure.
D. Some service industries are more vulnerable than others to service failures.
答案：B

解析：根据原文People’s expectation, their priorities vary. 然后professor继续举例道，比如她很赶时间，此时她在快餐店点的薯条不够热，她可能因为很快就得到了食物而不去投诉，但如果她此时并不赶时间，她可能就会把薯条还回去，即使意为着，她还需要再等一段时间。所以B选项正确，每个顾客针对同一个service failure的反应是不尽相同的。

6. Why does the professor say this:
A. To review the main points of the lecture
B. To suggest topics for the students’ next research assignment
C. To indicate possible reasons why negative word of mouth is damaging to businesses
D. To specify where research is needed to better understand service recovery
答案：D

解析：I’ve actually been researching some of these issues myself. ’cause what we need is a deeper understanding of customers’ thought processes, and their reactions to the service recoveries. 可知教授说那段话的目的是把应该进行的研究具体化。所以D选项正确。

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