托福TPO43听力Lecture真题解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福听力备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力，选择好适合的练习材料是个非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO43听力Lecture真题解析。

托福TPO43听力Lecture1  【在线咨询】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? 【主旨目的题】
A To explain how the red pigment in leaves breaks down
B To show that leaf color varies based on the tree species
C To introduce a theory about why leaves turn a particular color
D To explain how chlorophyll protects trees in autumn
答案：C

解析：(从14秒开始，原文重现：So this will be a great time to talk about how and why some of these leaves turn one color in particular and that's bright red.)
此处用So引出本讲座将要展开讨论的话题，为什么某些树叶会变成红色。对应选项C。

2.What does the professor imply when she explains why leaves are green? 【推断题】
A She wants to correct a common misconception about the topic.
B She thinks the students are probably already familiar with the material.
C She believes the process is too complicated to discuss in depth.
D She knows that students are often confused about the functions of chlorophyll
答案：B
破题关键词汇： leaves are green

解析：(从23秒开始，原文重现：Well, before we discuss why leaves turn red, first, let's, um, look, I know this is very old material, but just to play it safe, let's first go over why leaves are usually green. It's chlorophyll, right?)
此处教授提到I know this is very old material，It's chlorophyll, right?可以推断出这是学生已经知道的内容，也就是叶绿素造成树叶呈现绿色。对应选项B。

3. What does the professor mean when she says that the classic theory is partially right? 【目的题】
A It describes what happens in the summer but not what happens in autumn
B It describes what happens in tree leaves but not what happens in leaves of other plants
C It explains how pigments are synthesized but not how they break down.
D It explains some cases of color change in tree leaves but not all cases.
答案：D
破题关键词汇： partially right

解析：(从1:39秒开始，原文重现：OK, so that's the classic explanation and it's partially right. Why do I say partially? Well, it's probably true for pigments like yellow or orange, but it doesn't seem to hold for the red pigment.)
此处提到传统解释只是部分正确的，接着接受进行了解释，这种说法可以适用黄色或角色但红色不行。说明不适合所有情况，对应选项D。

4. Why does the professor mention painting a car? 【目的题】
A To question why a large amount of anthocyanin is produced just before leaves fall
B To explain why most leaves turn red instead of other colors
C To remind students how cooler temperatures affect the color of leaves
D To show how anthocyanin absorbs sunlight to produce food for trees
答案：A
破题关键词汇： painting a car

解析：(从2:50秒开始，原文重现：It'd be likes spending money to...I don't know...to have your old car repainted when you know the car's not going to last more than a couple of months. All this extra anthocyanin in the autumn seems like a waste.)
此处用例子来说明树叶中的花青素看起来很浪费，上文提到在叶片快要凋零时树木生成了大量花青素，对应选项A。

5. The professor mentions theories about why leaves turn red that involve predatory insects and fungi. What is her opinion about those theories? 【态度题】
A They are based on careful research.
B They do not completely explain the phenomenon.
C They have not received enough attention.
D They have been proved to be incorrect.
答案：B
破题关键词汇： predatory insects and fungi

解析：(从3:20秒开始，原文重现：One of them involves predatory insects; another involves fungi. You know, the more I read about these theories and the related research, it always created more questions for me than answers. So I was really glad to learn about a totally different theory, a new one. It seems to come with research and data that give a full explanation. So here it is.)
此处没有直接回答捕食性昆虫或真菌类与树木生成的花青素之间的关系，对应选项B。

6. According to the professor, why does anthocyanin appear on the upper side of some leaves? 【细节题】
A To help chlorophyll absorb the sunlight
B To maximize the leafs utilization of sunlight
C To accelerate the breakdown of chlorophyll
D To protect an important process from the sunlight
答案：D
破题关键词汇： upper side

解析：(从4:34秒开始，原文重现：The theory is that anthocyanin protects the reabsorption process from the sunlight. For example, if you look closely at a red leaf on a tree, you'll notice that most of the red pigment is on the upper side of the leaf, the side facing the sun. This new theory suggests that what the anthocyanin is doing there on top is shielding the rest of the leaf from the sunlight, and more importantly, allowing those important chemicals to be reabsorbed by the tree.)
此处开头就提到protects the reabsorption process，接着用例子来进行解释，红色色素大部分都在树叶的上侧，面对太阳，对应选项D.

托福TPO43听力Lecture2  【在线咨询】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? 【主旨目的题】
A To explain a mechanism behind the ability to approximate numbers
B To explore the connection between ability in symbolic mathematics and the ability to approximate numbers
C To show the importance of new research into the ability to solve complex mathematical problems
D To demonstrate that children, adults, and animals have a similar ability to approximate numbers
答案：B

解析：(从1:59秒开始，原文重现：Well, it might be interesting to ask the question: Are these two abilities linked somehow? Are people who are good at approximating numbers also proficient in formal mathematics?)
此处在文中是教授的自问自答部分，很明显的提出主要研究的话题重点是两者之间的联系，对应选项B。

2. Why does the professor mention six-month-old infants? 【目的题】
A To emphasize that ANS is largely innate
B To refute the claim that symbolic mathematics is learned
C To point out the difficulty of testing mathematics ability in very young children
D To contrast the way infants learn with how older children learn
答案：A
破题关键词汇： six-month-old infants

解析：(从22秒开始，原文重现：ANS is a very basic, innate ability. It's what enables you to decide at a glance whether there're more apples than oranges on a shelf. And studies have shown that even six-month-old infants are able to use this sense to some extent. And if you think about it, you'll realize that it's an ability that some animals have as well.)
此处提到ANS是天生的能力，如六个月大的婴儿可在某种程度上运用这种感觉。对应选项A。

3. Why does the professor stress that the dots in the experiment flashed on the computer screen for only a fraction of a second?【目的题】
A To emphasize that humans’ ANS ability is more developed than that of animals
B To point out that it was not possible to complete the task using formal mathematics
C To show a contrast between the dot experiment and the color-naming experiment
D To explain, in part, how subjects were chosen for the experiment
答案：B
破题关键词汇： a fraction of a second

解析：(从2:29秒开始，原文重现：Now, these slides had varying numbers of yellow and blue dots on them. One slide might have more blue dots than yellow dots, let's say...six yellow dots and nine blue dots. The next slide might have more yellow dots than blue dots. The slide would flash just for a fraction of a second. So you know, there was no time to count the dots.)
此处提到零点几秒内这些不同颜色的点就会闪现，教授用So you know引出结论，即没有时间去数这些点，对应选项B。

4. What did researchers observe in the study of fourteen-year-old children? 【细节题】
A The children with strong ANS skills also scored well on color-naming tests
B The children were more likely to make mistakes when there were small numbers of blue and yellow dots
C The ANS skills of the children had improved over time.
D There were large differences in the ANS skills of the children tested.
答案：D
破题关键词汇： fourteen-year-old children

解析：(从3:28秒开始，原文重现：Now, maybe you are asking whether some fourteen-year-olds are just faster, faster in general, not just in math. It turns out: that's not so. We know this because the fourteen-year-olds had previously been tested in a few different areas.)
此处教授提到14岁的孩子是不是不仅在数学方面反映更快，其他方面也很快，结论表明并不是这样的。接着补充到14岁的孩子先前已经在其他不同领域都进行了实验。可以排除A选项的scored well ;B 的more likely to make mistakes ;C 的improved over time。因此正确答案为D。

5. Why does the professor mention that the subjects of the experiment were also tested in reading and word knowledge? 【目的题】
A To show that ANS skills are not linked with abilities in those areas
B To emphasize the thoroughness of the researchers
C To point out that ANS and other skills are learned in a similar way
D To contrast learned skills with innate abilities
答案：A
破题关键词汇： reading and word knowledge

解析：(从3:45秒开始，原文重现：For example, as eight-year-olds, they had been given a test of rapid color naming. That's a test to see how fast they could identify different colors. But the result didn't show a relationship with the results of the ANS test. The ones who were great at rapidly naming colors when they were eight years old weren't necessarily good at the ANS test when they were fourteen. And there was no relationship between ANS ability and skills like reading and word knowledge.)
此处用8岁孩子来举例，说明实验结论识别不同颜色和ANS测试没有太多关联，识别颜色强的孩子不一定在他们14岁的时候也擅长ANS测试。最后又强调了结论是no relationship between，对应选项A。

6. What is the professor’s opinion of using instruction in ANS to improve children's performance in formal mathematics? 【态度题】
A It is likely that instruction in ANS would lead to improvement in areas other than formal mathematics.
B It would be important for the instruction in ANS to begin when children are very young.
C It is unclear whether instruction in ANS would improve performance in formal mathematics.
D it is more likely that instruction in formal mathematics would improve children’s ANS ability.
答案：C
破题关键词汇： improve，formal mathematics

解析：(从4:45秒开始，原文重现：I mean, if someone's born with good approximate number sense, um, does that cause them to be good at math? Or the other way around: If a person develops math ability, you know, and really studies formal mathematics, does ANS somehow improve?
Those are very good questions, and I don't think they were answered in these experiments.)
此处学生提问如果某人数学能力很强且学习过传统的数学运算，他的ANS能力是否可以提高?教授的态度表明这个问题在实验中没有解答，即不确定是否能够改善ANS能力，对应选项C。

托福TPO43听力Lecture3  【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【主旨题】
A Early influences that shaped the career of Theodor Seuss Geisel
B The use of Dr. Seuss books in modern elementary schools
C The literary and artistic approach of Theodor Seuss Geisel
D Two prominent authors of twentieth-century children’s literature
答案：C

解析：(从6秒开始，原文重现：Today we'll start looking at the most important children's book authors of the twentieth century. And I'd like to start with an author illustrator whom some of you probably grew up reading: Dr. Seuss.)
此处需结合选项，排除干扰选项来判断。原文提到今天要介绍的是关于作者Dr. Seuss，他是二十世纪时儿童书籍的作者。A选项的shaped the career 错误;B的 use of Dr. Seuss books错误; D的Two prominent authors错误。因此正确答案为C，Theodor Seuss Geisel运用的文学与艺术手法。

2. According to the professor, why did teachers oppose using Dr. Seuss books in the classroom during the 1950s and 1960s? 【细节题】
A Teachers thought the books were boring
B Teachers associated the books with play rather than schoolwork
C Dr. Seuss books used vocabulary that was not on the Dolch list.
D Dr. Seuss books could not be used to teach subjects other than reading.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：1950s and 1960s

解析：(从41秒开始，原文重现：In the late 1950s and even through the 60s, US teachers resisted Seuss's books because they perceived them as having a comic book style...fine, maybe, but not...not appropriate for the classroom.)
此处提到在这段时期，美国教师拒绝选用Seuss的书籍来上课，他们觉得这些书是连环画一类的娱乐书籍而不是教科书。对应选项B。

3. Why does the professor mention the citation awarded to Geisel by the Pulitzer Prize Committee? 【目的题】
A To emphasize how long it took for Geisel’s literary contributions to be appreciated
B To emphasize the difficulty of writing books that appeal to both children and adults
C To explain how authors of children’s literature were typically honored
D To explain why Geisel’s books finally became popular
答案：A
破题关键词汇：Pulitzer Prize Committee

解析：(从1:05秒开始，原文重现：Although the Pulitzer Prize committee did give him a citation in 1984 for his...uh..."special contribution over nearly half a century to the education and enjoyment of America's children and their parents." But again, that wasn't until 1984.)
此处利用Although转折引出Pulitzer委员会在1984年时的确给了Geisel嘉奖， 但是直到1894年他才收获这个贡献奖。突出时间非常久，对应选项A。

4. What does the professor say about Geisel's work as an illustrator?(Click on 2 answers) 【细节题】
A Geisel's approach to drawing scenery is more sophisticated than it first appears
B Geisel’s style was strongly influenced by earlier illustrators of children’s books.
C Geisel’s human characters all look very much alike.
D Geisel’s style is widely taught in art schools today.
答案：AC
破题关键词汇：illustrator

解析：(从1:54秒开始，原文重现：Geisel also illustrated his own books and created a lot of highly memorable characters from a visual standpoint. Yet as far as his artistic talent, no one's ever called him a great artist or a great illustrator. For his human characters, he pretty much drew the same face over and over. ;从2:26秒开始，原文重现：His landscapes, on the other hand, they are simple but they are also extremely clever. He had this uncanny knack for creating the illusion of great distance with some very simple shapes and lines.)
此处提到他描绘的人类角色都非常相似，对应选项C;接着补充到他的场景简单但是运用极为巧妙，对应选项A。

5. What was the connection between Geisel and John Hersey? 【细节题】
A Their writing styles were remarkably similar.
B They collaborated on an article about teaching children to read
C Hersey’s article inspired Geisel to write a new kind of book.
D Hersey wrote a novel that was inspired by Geisel’s career.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：John Hersey

解析：(从1秒开始，原文重现：Geisel actually wrote it in response to an article written in 1954 by an acclaimed novelist named John Hersey. …After seeing Hersey's article, Geisel must have wondered what
made the books so dull. And one thing he found was they use only
words from the Dolch List.)
此处提到Geisel对John Hersey写的文章做出回应，Geisel在读了John Hersey的文章后产生了想法，对应选项C。

6. What is the professor’s opinion of Geisel’s book The Cat in the Hat? 【态度题】
A It is effective because its characters are people and animals rather than imaginary creatures
B it would be a better teaching tool if it had more challenging vocabulary.
C It wrongly encourages children to break their parents’ rules.
D It cleverly presents moral issues in an entertaining way.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：The Cat in the Hat

解析：(从4:33秒开始，原文重现：Brilliant! There aren't too many authors who can set up a moral dilemma like this and then get children to think about it for themselves.)
此处教授利用Brilliant引出他积极的态度，觉得作者的这种写法很特别，几乎没有其他作者会用这种方式描写道德问题。对应选项D。

托福TPO43听力Lecture4  【在线咨询】

1. What does the professor mainly discuss? 【主旨题】
A Methods of converting radio waves into sound waves
B Features of different types of electromagnetic radiation
C The various paths that very-low-frequency waves follow on Earth
D The emission and detection of very-low-frequency waves
答案：A

解析：(从24秒开始，原文重现：Are you going to talk at all about the difference between radio waves and sound waves?
Uh, Ok. That might be a good place to start actually.)
此处需要结合全文判断，并且利用排除法排除干扰选项。首先学生提问引出主要话题方向是与无线电波和声波的区别有关，教授表示这是一个很好的话题开头。选项中没有直接的答案，因此结合全文，B选项的Features of different types、 C的various paths、 D的emission and detection都是未详细展开的内容，不属于主旨，且下文都与sound有关，因此正确答案为A。

2. What is one difference between radio waves and sound waves that the professor emphasizes? 【细节题】
A Radio waves have a lower frequency.
B Water stops radio waves from spreading but does not stop sound waves
C Unlike sound waves, radio waves can travel outside Earth's atmosphere.
D Naturally occurring radio waves are difficult to detect on Earth at night.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：difference， radio waves and sound waves

解析：(从58秒开始，原文重现：Radio waves, on the other hand, are fundamentally different from sound waves. They are electromagnetic. They result from oscillations of the electromagnetic field and don't need a physical medium, so they, like other types of electromagnetic wave, can travel basically anywhere, through a vacuum, or through atmosphere or water.)
此处问到无线电波和声波的区别，教授提到无线电波可以travel basically anywhere，对应选项C。

3. What explanation does the professor give for the constant occurrence of VLF emissions on Earth? 【细节题】
A At any given time, some part of the world is experiencing sunrise or sunset
B Waveguides constantly form in the atmosphere.
C Earth’s magnetosphere directs interplanetary waves toward Earth’s surface.
D Lightning occurs constantly on the planet.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：VLF emissions

解析：(从1:55秒开始，原文重现：Um, on Earth, the main source of naturally occurring VLF emissions is lightning, which generates a pulse of radio waves every time it flashes. ;从2:23秒开始，原文重现：So we can pick up emissions from lightning that's far away. So actually, you can pretty much listen to them all the time because lightning strikes Earth constantly, about a hundred times per second.)
此处提到VLF释放的主要来源是闪电，可以经常听见闪电在地球上发生，对应选项D。

4. Why are sunrise and sunset the best times to listen to VLF signals? 【细节题】
A Because thunderstorms are most likely to occur then
B Because radio waves travel through natural waveguides then
C Because higher-frequency signals are less active then
D Because temperatures are not extremely high or low then
答案：B
破题关键词汇：sunrise and sunset

解析：(从3:09秒开始，原文重现：He says the best time to listen for them is around sunset or sunrise. That's when there're natural waveguides in the local atmosphere.)
此处教授提到他同事给出的说法，听到VLF的最佳时机大约是在傍晚或日出，这个时间当地的大气中含有自然的电磁波导，对应选项B。

5. Why does the professor discuss whistlers and tweeks? 【目的题】
A To illustrate that the path a VLF wave travels can affect the sound it makes on a radio
B To point out that VLF waves can affect the sounds heard on a household or car radio
C To describe how a colleague discovered the origin of VLF waves
D To clarify the difference between VLF waves and other kinds of waves
答案：A
破题关键词汇：whistlers and tweeks

解析：(从3:32秒开始，原文重现：They make a path for radio waves to follow in our atmosphere. These natural waveguides occur when the Sun is rising or setting, which makes sunrise and sunset good times to pick up VLF emissions.
Now, there are a few different sounds that you can hear on a VLF receiver, because when lightning strikes the radio waves travel different distances and in different ways before they reach the receiver.)
此处需要结合上下文倒推，whistlers和tweeks是两个例子，用来解释说明上文提到的收音机可以听到a few different sounds，接着详细解释了whistlers和tweeks的区别。对应选项A。

6. What does the professor imply when he says this: 【重听题】
A He needs to think before he can answer the woman's question.
B The woman has underestimated how often VLF waves can be detected.
C The woman does not realize that waiting for a thunderstorm can take a long time.
D The woman does not understand the relationship between thunderstorms and lightning.
答案：B

解析：(从2:09秒开始，原文重现：Since you almost always get lightning with thunderstorms. We can pick up VLF waves pretty often, right? You just have to wait until there is a thunderstorm.
Ah, do you? Have to wait? VLF receivers are very sensitive and VLF waves travel very far. So we can pick up emissions from lightning that's far away.)
此处学生先提出需要VLF声波可以等雷暴天气发生，教授对此进行了反问，且教授回答中强调了travel very far和that's far away，暗示VLF声波会传播很远，并不是很轻易可以等到的，对应选项B。

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