TPO42综合写作之愤怒的小鸟
（附听力文本和拓展阅读）

因为该篇综写的素材主要实在讲小鸟撞击玻璃受伤的内容，我们姑且称TPO42综写为愤怒的小鸟（Angry Birds）吧。首先还是我们常规方法，阅读信息重点标红，然后分享一下新通田娇老师独家出品的听力听写版以及重点标红信息，最后再给大家分享一个拓展阅读，也是跟TPO42综写内容息息相关的，是关于鸟类撞击玻璃的一些大数据和一种新型的防止鸟类撞击玻璃的特制玻璃的科学拓展阅读。

一、阅读文本

Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass windows. There are, however, several solutions that responsible businesses can use to prevent injuries to birds.

One-Way Glass

One solution is to replace the regular, clear glass with one-way glass that is transparent in only one direction. The occupants of the building can see out, but birds and others cannot see in. If birds cannot see through a window, they will understand that the glass forms a solid barrier and will not try to fly through it.

Colorful Designs

A second solution is to paint colorful lines or other designs on regular window glass. For example, a window could have a design of thin stripes painted over the glass. People would still be able to see through the openings in the design where there is no paint, while birds would see the stripes and thus avoid trying to fly through the glass. Architects can be encouraged to include colorful painted patterns on glass as part of the general design of buildings.

Magnetic Field

The third solution is to create an artificial magnetic field to guide birds away from buildings. Humans use an instrument called a magnetic compass to determine directions—either north, south, east, or west. Bird research has shown that birds have a natural ability to sense Earth’s magnetic fields; this ability works just like a compass, and it helps birds navigate in the right direction when they fly. A building in a bird flight path can be equipped with powerful electromagnets that emit magnetic signals that steer birds in a direction away from the building.

阅读文本中没有太难的单词，如果一定要说词汇的话，可能三个单词需要解释，分别是occupant居住者或者占有者，electromagnet电磁体和emit发散（热、光、气体、气味等）。

阅读的大体内容在说因为鸟儿不能区分玻璃和露天环境，导致每年有很多的鸟儿试图穿过玻璃致伤，阅读提供了三种防止鸟儿撞击玻璃的相关建议。

1、单向玻璃：第一种建议是用单项玻璃替代普通（透明）玻璃，让楼里的居住者可以看见外面但是鸟儿看不到里面。如果鸟儿看不到里面，他们应该可以理解玻璃是固体障碍而不会想要穿过玻璃。

2、多彩设计：第二种建议是在普通玻璃上涂上彩条或者彩色设计，鸟儿看到多彩设计会避免撞穿玻璃。

3、磁场：第三种建议是建立人工磁场去规避鸟儿撞建筑物。原因是鸟儿本身有在飞行时帮助它们导航的感知地球磁场的能力，大楼装了电磁场发射磁干扰可以避免鸟儿撞击。

二、听力文本

None of the solutions you’ve read about will effectively stop birds from getting injured.

First, replacing regular glass with one-way glass. Well, the problem with one-way glass is that to the bird on the outside, a one-way glass surface reflects just like a mirror and the surface that reflects like a mirror is just as bad as regular glass for birds, because birds don’t understand mirrors. If they see a reflection of the sky in the mirror or of a tree in the mirror, they think their reflection is the sky or is the tree and then fly right into them.

The second solution, painting colorful patterns like strips on regular glass also has problems. As the reading said, these designs include openings so people inside the building can see out, but birds will perceive these unpainted openings as open holes and if birds think they are seeing holes, they will try to fly right through them. So prevent birds from doing this, the unpainted spaces in a window would have to be extremely small but that would then make the rooms in the buildings too dark for the people inside them.

The third solution, creating an artificial magnetic field wouldn’t work very well either. Well, its true that birds use earth’s magnetic field to help them navigate, they use this only when they are traveling very long distances. For example, if a bird is migrating from a clod country to a warm one before winter, it will use its magnetic sense to figure out which way it should fly, but this ability isn’t used to go over short distances such as going from one side of the city to another. For short distance, birds use their eyes and the brightness of light to determine where to go. So magnetic signals from buildings wouldn’t have much effect.

听力反驳阅读观点的内容主要是说阅读提供的建议没有哪个是能特别有效阻止鸟儿受伤的。

1、单向玻璃跟镜子一样可以反射，鸟儿因为不懂得镜面反射会以为天空或者树的反射就是天空或者树，它们还是会正面撞上去。
2、涂彩条也是有问题的，鸟儿会认为没有涂色的空间是洞而试图穿洞过去。如果想要阻止鸟儿穿洞，不涂色的留白空间要很小，但是这又会让楼内房间很黑。
3、制造一个人工电磁场也不会很有效，鸟儿确实会依据地球磁场导航，但是只是在他们长途迁徙的时候才使用，城市间的短途穿行依靠眼睛和感光去判断方向，所以建筑物发出的磁干扰信号也不太会有效。

三、拓展阅读

1、可怕的死亡数据：

一项美国农业部林务局（USDA forest service）公布的数据称在美国每年因人为因素死亡鸟类数量中，占最主要比例的死亡原因是撞击建筑物玻璃造成的鸟类死亡。平均每年美国有5.5亿的人为因素鸟类死亡，撞击玻璃的死亡占到了58.2%. 上图分享了一张林务局排列的因撞击玻璃死亡的小鸟尸体，阿弥陀佛，如果能让鸟儿有办法识别玻璃，将会减少很多鸟类死亡。

2、可喜的科研成果：

在分享了一个比较压抑的死亡数据后，再给大家分享一个比较欣喜的研究成果，目前有一种相对比较有效的让鸟类可以识别玻璃并自主躲避的特制玻璃，是三个不同专业和职位的德国人抱成一团儿研发的，据说通过数据统计可以实现66%的鸟类自主识别玻璃并成功躲避撞击哦！而这个玻璃有个非常耿直甚至很直观的名字叫anti-bird-strike glass，字面直接翻译为防止鸟击的玻璃！Word哥，这个高科技的专属玻璃，怎么也得使用缩写ABS（anti-bird-strike） Glass来增加一下它的神秘气息好嘛！好了，作者不淘气了，给大家讲一下专属玻璃的研发故事和原理就打烊手工吧！

话说事情是这样的，在德国慕尼黑有一个公园叫海拉布动物园（Hellabrunn Zoo），在这个89英亩的动物园里有一个机智又善良的园长叫安德拉斯 科尼尔海姆（Andras Knieriem），他每天看到很多小鸟因为撞击玻璃而死亡特别的捉急，所以找了德国一家玻璃公司（Aronld Glas）的玻璃专家叫克里斯蒂安 依姆舍尔（Christian Irmscher）以及他的一个鸟类学家的基友叫沃尔夫冈 费德勒（Wolfgang Fieldler）来研究防止鸟儿撞击的专属玻璃。这三个不同领域的专家开始组团搞事儿，结果还真被他们捣鼓出了一些成果。他们搞事儿的灵感来自于蜘蛛（spider）的蛛丝（cobweb），因为蜘蛛为了避免鸟类总是撞破他们的蜘蛛网（毕竟是捕食的工具啊）会分泌一种可以反射紫外线（UV reflective biochemicals）的化学物质来织网。而鸟类的视网膜（retina of birds）刚好有一种人类不具备的识别紫外线的锥细胞（cone cell），当鸟儿接收到了紫外线的视觉信息就避开蜘蛛网。Word哥，这就是传说中的仿生学（bionic glass）玻璃啊！

然后这三个机智又投缘的三个德国哥一不做二不休，在玻璃里添加了能反射紫外线光的物质并造型成蜘蛛网的样子，这样人眼看上去是透明的玻璃（人的视网膜没有可以接受紫外线的锥细胞，所以人看不到蜘蛛网花纹）而鸟儿看到的却是仿生的蜘蛛网图案的玻璃。Word哥，反正我只知道有这么个高科技的防止鸟儿撞击的玻璃存在，但是并不知道它们是否昂贵以后会不会大批量被使用。据说目前的试验数据体现到规避各种鸟儿撞击玻璃的成功率在66%，希望这个仿生发明可以造福鸟儿免遭意外死亡。

拓展阅读就分享到这里吧，同学们如果有兴趣的话可以组织写一下TPO42综合写作，发送给新通教育陕西微信客服新美美（xinmeimeixian）或者拨打400-618-0272来免费获取精修一下语用、取材组织和改写细节的服务哦！

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