TPO48综合写作详细分析

一、阅读文本详解：

In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.

First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.

A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including anti-fungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.

Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.

之前阅读过新通外语新TPO综合写作详解的同学们一定知道，我会把重点信息标红方便同学们阅读理解，本次TPO48详解也遵循这一个习惯方式，标红了阅读中的重点信息，下面我们讲解一下阅读的主要内容。

阅读的整篇文章围绕青蛙物种在世界范围内数量消减展开的，主要列举了三方面的方法去解决青蛙数量减少。

1、立法禁止有害农药在濒危青蛙（所在范围）中的使用，会极大的改变（青蛙）减少的情况。禁止使用的原因是农药进入到青蛙的身体后影响神经并导致呼吸问题。

2、大范围的推广一种治疗真菌的方法（投入反真菌药物和加热治疗法）可以保护濒危的青蛙。推广治疗的原因是有一种世界范围的真菌传染使得青蛙在感染后会造成皮肤增厚导致其无法吸水而脱水而死。

3、通过控制人类活动（避免过渡用水和湿地开发）来保护青蛙的栖息地--湿地。湿地是青蛙用于产卵繁衍的地方，但是人们对诸如湖泊和沼泽地的过渡使用造成湿地减少使得青蛙无法生存。

二、听力文本详解：

None of the methods proposed in the reading offers a practical solution for slowing down the decline in frog populations. There are problems with each of the methods you read about.

First, seriously reducing pesticides in agriculture areas with threatened frog populations is not economically practical or fair. Farmers rely on pesticides to decrease crop losses and stay competitive in the market. If farmers in areas that are close to endangered frog populations have to follow strict regulations regarding pesticide use, then those farmers would be in a severe disadvantage compare to farmers in other areas. They would likely lose more crops and have a lower yield than competing farms.

Second, the new treatment against the skin fungus you read about. Let me explain a couple of problems with this plan. The treatments must be applied individually to each frog and so using them in a large scale is extremely difficult. It requires capturing and treating each individual frog in a population. Moreover, the treatments do not prevent the frogs from passing the fungus onto their offspring. So the treatment would have to be applied again and again to each new generation of frogs. So applying these treatments would be incredibly complicated and expensive.

Third, while it’s a good idea to protect lakes and marshes from excessive water use and development that will not save frog populations. You see, water use and development are not the biggest threats to water and wetland habitats. The real threat is global warming. In recent decades, global warming has contributed to the disappearance of many water and wetland habitats causing entire species to go extinct. Prohibiting humans from using water or building new frog habitats is unlikely to prevent the ongoing habitat changes of cost by global warming.

以上是新通外语西安分校的田娇老师听写出的独家TPO48综合写作的参考文本，下面给大家详细分析一下听力内容是如何对应去反驳阅读的观点的。

整体上来看，听力认为阅读提供的所有方法都有衍生问题以致于并不能很好的解决青蛙减少的问题。

1、禁止使用农药会让农民失去市场竞争力，因为农民依赖于农药去保证农作物的产值，如果为了保护青蛙不用农药，那么这些农民会损失更多的农作物并在市场上因为产值低而不具备竞争力。

2、广泛推广治疗也是不现实的，因为这种治疗是在一个一个的青蛙个体上去实施的，这种针对每个青蛙的个体治疗大范围的推广首先不太现实；其次这个治疗不能组织真菌在第二代青蛙身上的传播，所以还要针对每一代的青蛙去实施治疗，这使得这种治疗在操作起来几近不可能且（治疗成本）非常昂贵。

3、虽然保护湿地是一个正确的想法，但是湿地流失的最大原因并不是人类活动而是全球变暖造成的。全球变暖是的很多湿地消失物种灭绝，这绝对不是阻止和减少人类活动可以改变的问题。

以上是TPO48的详细分析，同学们如果有兴趣的话可以在全面理解的基础上落笔写一下这篇综合写作，可以联系各自在新通的课程顾问或者拨打400-618-0272来免费修改。同时在托福学习和写作单项上有任何问题，也欢迎大家及时联系我们哦！

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