托福TPO44阅读真题解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO44阅读真题解析：Passage 2。

托福TPO44阅读Passage 2 真题解析 【在线咨询】

The Use of the Camera Obscura

1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Giovanni Battista Della Porta's contribution to the camera obscura? 【推理题】
A. He translated a Chinese description of the use of the camera obscura and made the technique available to artists.
B. His convex lens made the projected image easier to trace.
C. His version of the camera obscura allowed for the later addition of a mirror.
D. His improvements relied heavily on design changes proposed earlier by Leonardo da Vinci.
答案： B

解析： 通过关键词Giovanni Battista Della Porta's 定位到第1段In 1558 Giovanni Battista Della Porta wrote in his twenty-volume work Magia naturalis (meaning "natural magic") instructions for adding a convex lens to improve the quality of the image thrown against a canvas or panel in the darkened area where its outlines could be traced. 显然选项B他的凸透镜convex lens使得投影图像更容易记录，与原文信息一致。

2. The word “portable” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. valuable
B. practical
C. moveable
D. popular
答案： C

解析：portable 便携的，选项A值钱的;选项B实用的;选项C可移动的;选项D流行的。所以选项C正确。

3. The word "projected" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. whole
B. corrected
C. enlarged
D. shown
答案： D

解析：projected投影的，选项A全部的;选项B正确的;选项C放大的;选项D展现的。所以选项D正确。

4. Paragraph 2 answers which of the following questions about paintings by Vermeer? 【事实信息题】
A. What characteristics of Vermeer’s paintings suggest that he may have used a camera obscura?
B. Why did Vermeer produce only about 30 paintings?
C. Do Vermeer's paintings in general suggest that he was unable to paint accurately without using a camera obscura?
D. Why did Vermeer need to draw an image on the canvas of the painting that was X-rayed if he was using a camera obscura?
答案： A

解析： 在原文第2段中定位到One of the artists whose paintings are being analyzed from this point of view is the great Dutch master, Jan Vermeer…此句是对此段开篇问句的解释Did some of the great masters of painting, then, trace their images using a camera obscura? Some art historians are now looking for clues of artists' use of such devices. 接下去的信息都是在讲Vermeer使用camera obscura制作的画作的特点，显然选项A与原文意思一致。

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5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子简化题】
A. One artist with a particularly interesting point of view about the use of the camera obscura in painting was Jan Vermeer, who lived in the Netherlands from 1632 to 1675.
B. Historical analyses suggest that Dutch masters were interested in the science of optics, so they may have used the camera obscura to trace images.
C. The use of the camera obscura is being analyzed in the paintings of Jan Vermeer, who lived in the Netherlands when art and science were flourishing there.
D. One view held by historians is that most Dutch masters were as interested in art as they were in science, and that provides clues about the techniques used in their paintings.
答案： C

6. What does paragraph 2 indicate about Vermeer’s The Art of Painting ? 【事实信息题】
A. It is the first in a series of about 30 paintings that he created.
B. It may have been painted by one of his students.
C. it was in his possession until his death in 1675.
D. It has the same setting as several other works of his.
答案： D

解析： 通过关键词The Art of Painting在第2段可以很容易定位到，选项A中Vermeer produced only about 30 known paintings, including his famous The Art of Painting. The room shown in it closely resembles the room in other Vermeer paintings, with lighting coming from a window on the left, the same roof beams, and similar floor tiles, suggesting that the room was fitted with a camera obscura on the side in the foreground.选项A中的30副画中所创作的first在原文中并未被提及;选项B中由他学生之一所创作的与原文中Vermeer did not have any students意思相悖;选项C此画是他的财产直到1675年，原文中并没有提及此细节;选项D此画与他其他的画作有同样的摆设，与原文信息一致。

7. The word "faithful" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. unusual
B. extensive
C. exact
D. historical
答案： C

解析：faithful 准确的，选项A不寻常的;选项B广泛的;选项C准确的;选项D历史性的。所以选项C正确。

8. Why does the author provide the information that 'When one of Vermeer's paintings was X-rayed, it did not have any preliminary sketches on the canvas beneath the paint, but rather the complete image drawn in black and white without any trial sketches"? 【修辞目的题】
A. To provide an example of a way to learn about the practices of artists who did not keep good records
B. To emphasize Vermeer’s confidence and skill as an artist
C. To provide evidence that Vermeer may have traced the image using a camera obscura
D. To argue that Vermeer did his preliminary sketching on paper, rather than on canvas
答案： C

解析： 此句意思是当Vermeer其中的画作被X光拍时，在帆布画作下面没有任何草图，而是完整的黑白素描没有尝试的图样。此句是为了解释此段的第一句Did some of the great masters of painting, then, trace their images using a camera obscura? 所以选项C正确。

9. According to paragraph 3, Hockney believes that all of the following indicate use of a camera obscura EXCEPT 【否定事实信息题】
A. very detailed, realistic work
B. increased contrast between light and dark
C. oversimplification of forms when the image is traced
D. complicated foreshortening of objects
答案： C

解析： 选项A非常详尽的、逼真的作品。与原文细节used the device to produce almost photographically realistic details in their paintings一致;选项B增加光和暗色之间的对比，与原文细节信息also increases the contrast between light and dark一致;选项C中的oversimplification过于简化与原文信息相悖;选项D物体复杂的投影缩减法，与原文细节信息the complicated foreshortening in the chandelier and the intricate detail in the bride’s garments are among the clues that Hockney thinks point to the use of the camera obscura一致。

10. The word "intricate” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. surprising
B. complex
C. beautiful
D. clear
答案： B

解析： intricate 复杂的，选项A惊讶的;选项B错综复杂的;选项C美丽的;选项D干净的。所以选项B正确。

11. The word “diminish" in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. reduce
B. affect
C. reflect
D. determine
答案： A

解析： diminish减少的，选项A减少;选项B影响;选项C反映;选项D决定。所以选项A正确。

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12. According to paragraph 4，what does Hockney argue about the use of the camera obscura in producing art? 【事实信息题】
A. Works produced using a camera obscura do not deserve as much respect as those produced without it.
B. The camera obscura was probably used primarily as a training device, rather than used in producing finished works.
C. Use of the camera obscura by Western art’s great masters was probably relatively rare.
D. While the use of the camera obscura may have helped artists, they still needed to have significant artistic ability.
答案： D

解析： 第4段Hockney argues that the camera obscura does not replace artistic skill in drawing and painting. Hockney认为camera obscura不会取代绘画的艺术技能。选项D意思是虽然使用camera obscura可以帮助艺术家，但他们还是需要具备重要的艺术技能的，与原文表达意思一致。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
All these developments helped artists to create accurate images of objects, people, and scenes.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage 【句子插入题】
答案： D

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. 【概要小结题】
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
The camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole
A. Evidence that the use of the camera obscura has long been known is provided by its description in many sources, including works dating back to Chinese writers from the fifth century B.C.
B. Some historians who have studied paintings by Western masters have found clues indicating that the masters may have secretly used the camera obscura in their works.
C. It is now widely believed that the use of the camera obscura led to the development of a style of photographic realism in Western art.
D. The camera obscura was most widely used by artists in Seventeenth-century Netherlands, a period when art and science thrived
E. The unique features of Vermeer’s The Art of Painting make it unlikely that it was made with a camera obscura, as opposed to his other works.
F. The artist David Hockney has speculated that artists probably combined the use of the camera A with their own original observations from life.
答案： ABF

解析： 选项A是对第1段前半句的概括，camera obscura很早就被使用的证据;选项B是对第2段的概括总结，西方一些绘画大师在创作的过程中会秘密使用camera obscur;选项C中广泛认为camera obscura促使photographic realism的方式在西方发展，与原文信息不符;选项D中17世纪Netherlands是否camera obscura很盛行在原文中并没有被提及;选项E与原文信息不符，原文讲的The Art of Painting与他的其他作品都很相似;选项F是对第4段的总结，艺术家结合camera obscura和他们对生活的观察去创作的。

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