如何培养托福口语中的英语技能？

第一部分： 托福口语是如何评分的

Part1: How speaking responses are scored

你的口语得分是会综合评定的。也就是说考官会听你的答案的多个方面来综合给分。尽管评分标准会因问题差异稍有不同，但考官通常只关注以下这几个方面：

Your responses will be scored holistically. This means that raters listen for various features in your response and assign a single score based on the overall skill you display in your answer. Although scoring criteria varies somewhat depending on the question, the raters generally will be listening for the following features in your answer.

表达，即你的表达是否清晰流利，包括发音是否清晰，语速是否得当，语调是否自然。

Delivery: How clear and fluid your speech is, including good pronunciation, natural pacing and natural-sounding intonation patterns.

语用，即在表情达意的过程中语法和词汇的使用熟练度。

Language Use: How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas.

话题拓展，即你的答案是否回答了问题以及你的表达是否连贯。好的回答通常会用完或用掉大多数所给的时间。除此之外，观点之间的联系和过渡需要清晰明确。

Topic development: How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.

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第二部分：如何培养托福口语技能

Part2: How to develop TOEFL speaking skills

独立部分技能的练习

Independent Speaking

大家可以尝试以下这些活动来练习托福口语独立任务部分所需的技能

Try the following activities to build the skills you’ll need for the Independent Speaking tasks:

 把你熟悉的话题列出来，逐个练习。这些话题可以是学术性的，也可以是非学术性的, 如运动，爱好，旅游等。

Make a list of topics that are familiar to you and practice speaking about them. The topics can be academic or non-academic(sports, hobbies, travel, etc.).

 用20秒钟思考你前一天做了什么，然后在一分钟内复述出昨日的经历。注意使用过去时和连词，如首先，然后，当我--的时候等。

Think for 20 seconds about what you did yesterday, then recount your experience in one minute. Remember to use the past tense of verbs and use connecting words and phrases, such as “first,” “then” and “while I was.”

 用20秒钟思考第二天的计划，然后不停地谈论1分钟。

Think for 20 seconds about what you plan to do tomorrow, then talk about it for one minute.

想一个你熟悉的故事，把这个故事讲给不同人听，努力每次讲的比上一次快一点。

Think of a story with which you are familiar. Tell the story to several different people. Try to tell the story faster each time.

从报纸或杂志上着一些图片，在一分钟内看图描述。同一幅图用不同的形容词描述多次，且努力加一些细节进去。

Collect a number of pictures from magazines and newspapers. Look at each picture, then describe the same thing more than once, using different adjectives and adding details.

 就某一个你熟悉的东西陈述个人观点，并清楚地陈述你的详细原因。用一些连词来帮助你解释自己的观点。

State an opinion or a preference for something familiar and present clear,detailed reasons for your choices. Use connecting words or phrases to help explain your opinion, for example, the reason I prefer or this is important to me because.

想一些关于学生生活的话题，如你喜欢上的课程种类或者你最喜欢学习的地方。每个话题要求在一分钟内写下两个支持你选择的理由并口头表达出来了。

Think about topics related to student life(for example, the types of classes you enjoy taking or the best place to study.) For each topic, write down two reasons to explain your preference an speak on this topic for one minute.

在纸片上写下话题，每天随机选择一个讲上一分钟。每个话题重复2-3次来提高流利度。

Write down topics on slips of paper. Each day choose one randomly and practice giving a one-minute response. Repeat your responses to each topic two or three times to build fluency.

综合任务部分的练习

Integrated speaking

大家可以尝试以下活动来练习综合任务部分的技能

These activities can help you build the skills you’ll need for the Integrated speaking tasks:

先听一段学术对话或演讲，并做笔记。然后试着根据笔记要点给朋友讲一段听力段落的总结，最后录一段一分钟的口头总结。

Listen to an academic lecture and then take notes. Use your notes to give a summary of the talk to a friend and eventually record to a one-minute oral summary.

 充分利用TPO真题练习,既能积累语料，又能熟悉题型！

Take advantage of TPO to practice, so that we can accumulate useful topics and get familiar with the questions format.

总之，要想提高口语技能，就要首先多说英语，如果能找个小伙伴每天练习，就再好不过了。在多说的过程中，慢慢培养英文思维模式和逻辑。 再接再厉，坚持下去，你的口语和听力都将取得进步！

All in all, the best way to improve your speaking skills is to speak more and practice more. So, it’ll be better if you can get a partner to practice with. By the way, you can learn to think in English and organize your ideas in English properly when you practice more. Keep up the good work and you’ll make a big difference in speaking!

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