托福TPO47阅读真题解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO47阅读真题解析：Passage 2。

Roman Cultural Influence on Britain

托福TPO47阅读Passage 2 ——Paragraph 1  【在线咨询】

1. The word “mundane” in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. material
B. ordinary
C. valued
D. useful
答案：B

解析：mundane, 平凡的世俗的。B选项普通的，为同义替换，所以B选项正确。

2. Paragraph 1 suggests that one benefit for British natives in buying such items as red-gloss pottery made in Gaul was【推理题】
A. improved quality of utilitarian items
B. Understanding the symbolism of Classical mythology
C. higher social standing
D. Learning to mass-produce pottery for a profit
答案：C

解析：原文The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery form Gaul.... Mass-produced goods.... Such pieces perhaps first came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase，说明这些大批量生产的商品诸如红色陶器，当地领导可以通过外交礼物获得，当地其他人可以通过购买获得，所以英国当地人购买这些商品是为了彰显更高的社会地位，对应选项C中：higher social standing。

3. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about contacts that existed between Britain and the Roman Empire before the Roman conquest of Britain?【推理题】
A. They were sufficient for native Britons to become familiar with everyday Roman objects.
B. They were not sufficient for even very basic aspects of the culture of the Roman Empire to find their way into British life.
C. They were not sufficient for British to have heard of the power of the Roman Empire.
D. They were sufficient for individual Britons to become very interested in trying to participate in the culture of the Roman Empire.
答案：B

解析：原文The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery … probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the symbolism was understood，说明这些商品的涌入让英国当地人第一次接触到了希腊罗马文化，所以罗马征服英国之前，两国没有足够的接触，英国人甚至不了解最基本的罗马文化，对应选项B中：… not sufficient … basic … culture … Roman Empire … British life。

托福TPO47阅读Passage 2 ——Paragraph 2  【在线咨询】

In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics. It was lavishly furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects. A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste. Even if those from the traditional families looked down on him, they would have been unable to dismiss him as uncultured. Although exceptional, this demonstrates how new cultural symbols bound provincials to the identify of the Roman world.

4. The word “lavishly” in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. exclusively
B. additionally
C. appropriately
D. richly
答案：D

解析：lavishly, 奢华地。D选项华丽地，为同义替换，所以D选项正确。

5. According to paragraph 2, the style and furnishings of the Fishbourne villa suggest that the person for whom it was built was【推理题】
A. cultured according to the contemporary standards of the empire
B. caught between native and Roman traditions
C. originally a visitor from Rome
D. a member of a socially inferior family
答案：A

解析：原文The Fishbourne villa … probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions .… A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire….，说明Fishbourne别墅的主人，当地之王Cogidubnus，已经完全被罗马同时代的文化标准所同化，对应选项A中：cultured … the contemporary standards of the empire。别墅主人是当地之王，C选项错在visitor，D选项错在visitor。别墅主人已经完全被罗马化，B选项错在native。

托福TPO47阅读Passage 2 ——Paragraph 3  【在线咨询】

Such examples established a standard to be copied. One result was an influx of craft worker, particularly those skilled in artistic media like stone-carving which had not existed before the conquest. Civilian workers came mostly from Gaul and Germany. The magnificent temple built beside the sacred spring at Bath was constructed only about twenty years after the conquest. Its detail shows that it was carved by artists from northeast Gaul. In the absence of a tradition of Classical stone-carving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widerspread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metal-working developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically Romano-British styles.

6. The word “sacred” in the passage is closet in meaning to【词汇题】
A. holy
B. ancient
C. natural
D. Secret
答案：A

解析：sacred, 神圣的。A选项神圣的，为同义替换，所以A选项正确。

7. According to paragraph 3, one factor contributing to success of the earliest Roman-style construction projects in Britain was【事实信息题】
A. the fact that long before the conquest many civilian workers from Gaul and Germany had settled in Britain
B. the rapid development of characteristically Romano-British styles
C. the availability, in northeast Gaul, of structures that could serve as standards to be copied
D. the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with Britons
答案：D

解析：原文Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area，说明最早罗马风格的建筑之所以成功是因为管理者利用个人关系让许多Gaul的建筑师和石匠来到英国，对应选项D中：the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with Britons。

托福TPO47阅读Passage 2 ——Paragraph 4 【在线咨询】

This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.

8. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region”?【组织结构题】
A. To suggest that the Roman conquest of Britain increased the standard of living for natives
B. To indicate that pre-Roman Britain was more interested in festivals and community life than conquering other regions
C. To explain why architecture during this period was not built to be particularly large
D. To illustrate how the traditional roundhouse evolved under the influence of Roman civil architecture
答案：C

解析：原文On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities，说明当时建筑比较小的原因是人们活动范围比较小，对应选项C中：To explain why architecture … not built … large。

9. The word “modest” in the passage in closet in meaning to【词汇题】
A. comfortable
B. limited in number
C. poorly lit
D. not large
答案：D

解析：modest, 适度的较小的。D选项不是大的，为同义替换，所以D选项正确。

10. According to paragraph 4, people in pre-Roman Britain lived, for the most part, in【事实信息题】
A. architecture that seemed imperial in size
B. small communities
C. large roundhouses
D. fortified towns
答案：B

解析：原文On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities，说明罗马征服英国之前，人们都住在小的社区里，对应选项B中：small communities。

11. According to paragraph 4, why did straight lines in buildings and settlements emphasize the dominance of those who introduced them ?【事实信息题】
A. Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in pre-Roman architecture
B. Because unlike curved lines, which are shaped in all sorts of different ways, straight lines do no differ
C. Because the dominant lines in entire settlements were the same as those in individual buildings
D. Because building and settlements were easier to construct when the dominant lines were straight lines
答案：A

解析：原文Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm，说明直线之所以体现罗马权威是因为英国当地建筑都是曲线型的，对应选项A中：Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in pre-Roman architecture。

12. According to paragraph 4, buildings from the pre-Roman period differed sharply from buildings reflection Roman civil architecture in each of the following respects EXCEPT【否定事实信息题】
A. their outside and inside dimensions
B. the impact they had on people
C. the geometric shapes in which they were built
D. the positioning of buildings in clusters
答案：D

解析：原文The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing，说明建筑尺寸变大，对应选项A中：dimensions;原文Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines … since … a marked contrast with … curvilinear shapes … native realm，说明几何形状不同，对应选项C中：the geometric shapes;原文… subject peoples … made to feel small by buildings … imperial power，说明建筑对人的影响不同，对应选项B中：impact。没有提到位置，所以选择D选项。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.【句子插入题】
Practical and unimpressive, most were barely taller than the average adult.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. [■] But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. [■] This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. [■] Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.[■]
答案：A

解析：待插入句子意为，大多数都非常实用普通，比成年人略高。可以推出这句句子在形容罗马征服英国之前房子的情况。从A处But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant之后都是罗马征服英国之后房子的情况，所以待插入句子只能放在A处。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 3 points.【概要小结题】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.
The conquest of Britain by the Roman Empire resulted in significant cultural change.
Answer Choices
A. New objects entering Britain ranged from mass-produced articles for everyday use to works of art, and they were widely-and enthusiastically-accepted by native Britons.
B. Constructing and furnishing buildings in the Roman style required skills that native workers did not at first have, so workers were brought in from other parts of the empire.
C. Native Britons traveled to Gaul to learn Classical stone-carving and building techniques.
D. The conquest was followed by a building boom, and enough villas and temples in the Italian style were built that a visitor from Rome would have felt quite at home in post-conquest Britain.
E. An important symbol of Roman supremacy was Roman architecture, whose enormous size, emphasized by the use of straight lines, made the natives feel insignificant.
F. Characteristically Romano-British concepts took hold in architecture; roundhouses were built much larger than before, and straight lines began to be used in interior spaces.
答案：ABE

解析：文章首先介绍被罗马征服后的英国开始接触并追崇罗马产品，对应选项A中：New objects entering Britain …, … widely-and enthusiastically-accepted by native Britons;然后再介绍许多罗马建筑师来到英国建造房子，对应选项B中：… Roman style required skills …, so workers were brought in from … empire，文章最后介绍罗马建筑的直线型体现权威，对应选项E中：…symbol of Roman supremacy … architecture, … size, … straight lines, … natives … insignificant。是罗马建筑师来到英国，选项C错在Britons traveled to Gaul。选项D错在a visitor from Rome太过细节。直线是为了体现权威，选项F错在straight lines … interior spaces。

》》更多托福TPO阅读真题解析，可拨打免费电话咨询400-618-0272

您还可能关注：

 相关阅读：

 如有更多问题欢迎致电新通教育：400-618-0272，登录