托福TPO48听力Lecture真题解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福听力备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力，选择好适合的练习材料是个非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO48听力Lecture真题解析。

托福TPO48听力Lecture1 (Art History)  【在线咨询】

1. What aspect of Georgia O’Keeffe’s work do the speakers mainly discuss?
A. The kinds of objects that she selected for her paintings
B. The influence of her painting style on photography
C. The major abstract elements in her photographs
D. The techniques that contributed to her distinctive style
答案：D
破题关键词汇：aspect

解析：原文首先引出介绍人物Georgia O’Keeffe，她的画和摄影作品很相像，是因为她会给物体画特写，也会让物体与背景分离，她这样抽象地描述具体事物是为了让观众用新的角度看待普通事物，所以全文讨论了Georgia O’Keeffe是用什么手法让自己的画与众不同，对应选项D中：The techniques that contributed to her distinctive style。

2. According to the professor, what characteristics of Large Dark Red Leaves on White indicate that it could not be a photograph?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It depicts leaves in a setting that appears to be abstract.
B. It is larger than most photographs of the time.
C. It shows less realistic detail than a photograph does.
D. It included colors that could not have been reproduced in a photograph.
答案：BD
破题关键词汇：not be a photograph

解析：从01:35开始，老师说：I mean chronologically that would be impossible，说明之后要出现这道题的答案了，老师继续说：When she did that painting, color film hadn't even been invented yet，说明这幅画创作时还没有彩色胶卷，对应选项D中：… colors … not … in a photograph，老师继续说：Neither … blow pictures up that big …，说明那时的照片还没能放那么大，对应选项B中：It is larger than most photographs of the time。

3. According to the professor, what principles did Arthur Wesley Dow emphasize in his art classes?
Click on 2 answers.
A. Focusing on simple forms
B. Using color to reveal the essence of an object
C. Separating a form from its natural surroundings
D. Exaggerating the size of a form
答案：AC
破题关键词汇：principles did Arthur Wesley Dow

解析：从02:32开始，老师说：Also, O'Keeffe studied under an artist named Arthur Wesley Dow，说明之后要出现这道题的答案了，老师继续说道：That's DOW, D-O-W, who advocated focusing on simple basic forms, like the lines of a flower and its petals，说明此人专注于简单的形式， 对应选项A中：Focusing on simple forms，老师继续说道：and he wanted forms to be isolated from their original settings，说明此人希望把形式和原来背景分开，对应选项C中：Separating a form from its natural surroundings。

4. In his discussion of O’Keeffe’s style, why does the professor describe Large Dark Red Leaves on White?
A. To give an example of a painting that was copied from a photograph
B. To give an example of an abstract interpretation of real objects
C. To point out that some of O’Keeffe’s subjects were represented in their natural setting
D. To point out the similarities between O’Keeffe’s works and works of other artists
答案：B
破题关键词汇：Large Dark Red Leaves on White

解析：从03:50开始，老师说：In the painting Jennifer mentioned, Large Dark Red Leaves on White…，说明之前已经出现这道题的答案了，老师前面说道：O'Keeffe liked to create abstract interpretations of real objects，说明提到这幅画的目的是为了举例说明O'Keeffe喜欢抽象地理解具体的事物， 对应选项B中：…example … abstract interpretation … real objects。

5. According to the professor, what effect did O’Keeffe expect her paintings to have on viewers?
A. The paintings would create the same personal associations as they did for O’Keeffe.
B. The paintings would make people see ordinary things in a new way.
C. The paintings would mistakenly be seen as photographs.
D. The paintings would inspire an appreciation for nature.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：effect

解析：从04:36开始，老师说：She didn't expect other people to experience the object the way she did，说明之后要出现这道题的答案了，She knew … hang their own associations on it …，说明O’Keeffe希望别人可以有自己的联想， 对应选项B中：… in a new way，然后老师继续补充道：But at least … they'd never really paid much attention to，对应B选项中：see ordinary things。

6. Why does the professor say this: ?
A. To emphasize a point that he made earlier about O’Keeffe’s works
B. To emphasize that the student should have observed the painting more closely
C. To indicate that the student’s conclusion about O’Keeffe was not foolish
D. To indicate that he had not understood the student’s point about the painting
答案：C
破题关键词汇：good observation

解析：重听之处从01:27开始，老师说：No, no. That's a really good observation，这句话之前学生说：Oh, oh, okay. What was I thinking? I guess I should have had a closer look，说明老师在肯定学生的结论并不是完全不合理，对应选项C中：To indicate that the student’s conclusion about O’Keeffe was not foolish。

托福TPO48听力Lecture2 (Earth Science)    【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Ways to determine the ages of volcanic islands
B. Criteria for classifying various types of volcanoes
C. Explanations for why volcanoes occur in some locations
D. Methods for measuring magma produced by volcanoes
答案：C
破题关键词汇：mainly about

解析：全文首先介绍夏威夷群岛火山是在大陆板块中央，然后给出热点理论解释，然后再给出两种理论地幔柱理论和裂缝理论解释这些热点的形成，全文都在解释出现在板块中间的火山石如何形成的，对应选项C中：Explanations for why volcanoes occur in some locations。

2. According to the professor, why was the hot spot theory originally proposed?
A. To explain prolonged volcanic activity far from plate boundaries
B. To explain why volcanoes form both on land and in the ocean
C. To explain variations in the amounts of magma produced by volcanoes
D. To explain why volcanoes may become inactive after millions of years
答案：A
破题关键词汇：originally proposed

解析：从00:30开始，老师说：Wilson came up with a hot-spot theory to explain how …, and can go on for maybe tens or even hundreds of millions of years，说明之前已经出现这道题的答案了，之前老师说：But some volcanoes occur not at the edges, but in the middle of a continental or oceanic plate …，说明这个理论的提出是为了解释为什么长时间的火山活动会出现在大陆板块的中间，对应选项A中：To explain prolonged volcanic activity far from plate boundaries。

3. Why does the professor describe moving a sheet of heavy paper over a candle?
A. To clarify that plumes do not produce great amounts of heat
B. To describe an experiment he would like the students to conduct
C. To illustrate one hypothesis for the way some volcanic anomalies are formed
D. To emphasize the thinness of some of Earth’s tectonic plates
答案：C
破题关键词汇：heavy paper over a candle

解析：从01:33开始，老师说：Imagine a burning candle, and imagine moving a sheet of heavy paper slowly over the flame of the candle，说明之前已经出现这道题的答案了，之前老师说：According to this hypothesis, plumes, uh, basically columns of extremely hot magma，说明蜡烛是为了解释地幔柱理论，对应选项C中：To illustrate one hypothesis …。

4. Why does the professor discuss how high one of the Hawaiian Islands rises above the ocean floor?
A. To provide evidence supporting the plume hypothesis
B. To compare the Hawaiian Island to other volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean
C. To point out a common difference between volcanic mountains and other types of mountains
D. To emphasize that hotspot volcanoes can produce large amounts of magma
答案：D
破题关键词汇：Hawaiian Islands

解析：从02:36开始，老师说：… Big Island Hawaii is one of the tallest topographic features on the planet，说明之后马上要出现这道题的答案了，老师继续说：So, you can imagine the huge amounts of magma, or lava …，说明强调高度是为了强调岩浆很多，对应选项D中：To emphasize that hotspot volcanoes can produce large amounts of magma。

5. According to the crack hypothesis, what causes a hot spot?
A. Hot magma rises from deep in Earth to melt a piece of the crust.
B. Hot magma flows out through a break in the side of an active volcano.
C. Hot magma flows up through spaces created between tectonic plates as they move.
D. Hot magma flows up at a point where a tectonic plate has been stretched thin.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：crack hypothesis

解析：从04:04开始，老师说：But one well-regarded theory is the crack hypothesis，说明之后马上要出现这道题的答案了，老师继续说：… hot spots are created when … crust gets stretched thinner and thinner and … small cracks to open up at weak spots …, and it's through these cracks that magma … form volcanoes，说明根据裂缝理论，岩浆是从因延展而变薄的地壳缝中涌出，对应选项D中：Hot magma … a point … plate … stretched thin。

6. What is the professor’s opinion of the two main hypotheses he presents?
A. Neither hypothesis can explain the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
B. Each hypothesis accounts for some, but not all volcanic anomalies.
C. Each hypothesis explains the formation of more volcanoes than plate tectonics does.
D. The studies supporting the crack hypothesis are more convincing than those supporting the plume hypothesis.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：opinion of the two main hypotheses

解析：从04:38开始，老师说：This hypothesis is attractive, because it fits with …, but how well does it explain the Hawaiian Islands，说明裂缝理论可以解释一些现象但是不能解释Hawaiian，而这正是地幔柱理论所能解释的，说明两种理论都只能解释局部而不是全部，对应选项B中：Each … some, but not all …。

托福TPO48听力Lecture3 (Biology)    【在线咨询】

1. What is the professor mainly discussing?
A. Different ways that scientists use the term “symbiosis”
B. A specific kind of symbiotic relationship between organiss
C. A butterfly species that competes with another insect species
D. Reasons why symbiosis is considered a subtyle of mutualism
答案：B
破题关键词汇：mainly discussing

解析：全文首先介绍互惠关系是共生关系的一种，再举例蝴蝶毛虫和蚂蚁来说明某种互惠关系，最后再介绍这种互惠关系中的两种生物体受益程度并不相等，说明全文在讨论，对应选项B中：A specific kind of symbiotic relationship between organisms。

2. What does the professor imply about the term “symbiosis”?
A. It is often used with too narrow a meaning.
B. It is used incorrectly in the students’ textbook.
C. The original definition is difficult to understand.
D. It is applied only to organisms of the same species.
答案：A
破题关键词汇：symbiosis

解析：从00:22开始，学生说：Now, I am kind of confused about it, because the book used that definition to describe mutualism. Could you explain the difference，说明之后就要出现答案了，再具体解释共生和互惠之后老师总结说：Symbiosis, general term; mutualism, a narrower or more specific kind of symbiosis，说明共生这个术语通常意义变窄成为互惠这个术语，对应选项A中：… used … too narrow a meaning。

3. How do the butterflies mentioned by the professor facilitate the relationship between caterpillars and ants of a certain species?
A. The butterflies have a sweet smell that attracts the ants.
B. The butterflies lay their eggs under rocks where the ants lay their eggs.
C. The butterflies lay their eggs on plants where the ants are present.
D. The butterflies identify a food source for both ants and caterpillars.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：facilitate the relationship

解析：从02:28开始，老师说：Their interaction with ants is obligatory. So, this is what happens，说明之后就要出现答案了，老师继续说：A female butterfly of these Coppers and Blues will lay eggs only on vegetation where there are ants of a particular species，说明蝴蝶只会把卵产在有某种蚂蚁的植物上，对应选项C中：The butterflies … eggs on plants … ants ...。

4. In the example the professor mentions, how do the ants benefit from their interaction with the caterpillars?
A. The caterpillars protect the ants’ eggs from predators.
B. The caterpillars help the ants find a particular plant.
C. The caterpillars produce a liquid to prevent ants from getting infections.
D. The caterpillars produce a liquid from a species gland to feed the ants.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：ants benefit from

解析：从03:21开始，老师说：Now, why would the ants go through all this trouble? What's their benefit? Mary，说明之后就要出现答案了，在学生猜测完毕之后老师给出答案：You are pretty close actually. The caterpillars have a honey gland, …, enough to feed several ants，说明毛虫某腺体会产生蜂蜜可以喂饱几只蚂蚁，对应选项D中：The caterpillars … liquid … gland to feed the ants。

5. What aspect of mutualism does the professor illustrate with the example of the caterpillars and the ants?
A. Both organisms need the relationship for survival.
B. It is not necessary for both organisms to benefit equally from the relationship.
C. There is more benefit for the organism that is less dependent on the relationship.
D. The relationship does not need to be beneficial to both organisms.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：aspect of mutualism

解析：从04:25开始，学生说：Ok, I just want to make sure I'm following here，说明之后就要出现答案了，学生继续总结说：… So it's still called mutualism even though … caterpillar's … more … they don't have to equally benefit…，说明在互惠关系中两个生物体受益程度并不相等，对应选项B中：… not necessary … both … benefit equally … relationship。

6. What can be inferred about the student when she says this: ?
A. She needs more time to think about the answer.
B. She is almost certain that caterpillars produce honey.
C. She thinks her statement may be misunderstood.
D. She doubts that her statement is correct.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：On second thought

解析：从03:42开始，学生说：Maybe caterpillars produce honey somehow. On second thought, um, I'm probably way off，说明学生细想之后感觉自己的陈述并不正确，对应选项D中：She doubts that her statement is correct。

托福TPO48听力Lecture4 (American History)    【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Ways that new managerial techniques hastened the industrialization of American society in the nineteenth century
B. Ways that the United States government tried to regulate business practices in the nineteenth century
C. Reasons that business leaders gained political power in the late nineteenth-century United States
D. A comparison of the management styles of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller
答案：C
破题关键词汇：mainly about

解析：全文首先介绍19世纪美国，权利从政客转向商人，然后举例说明垂直整合和垄断控制让两位商人大获成功，接着介绍当时的政治环境相对宽松让企业自由发展，说明全文都在介绍为什么十九世纪的商人可以获得更多的政治权力，对应选项C中：Reasons … business … political power … late nineteenth-century United States。

2. Why does the professor discuss vertical integration?
A. To explain how Andrew Carnegie gained control of the steel industry
B. To describe the most typical organization for businesses in the nineteenth century
C. To explain how John D. Rockefeller organized the oil industry
D. To explain the origins of the business trust
答案：A
破题关键词汇：vertical integration

解析：从00:57开始，老师说：Well, consider the example of Andrew Carnegie and the steel industry，说明之后就要出现答案了，老师总结例子时说：…He practiced Vertical Integration on such a large scale that he practically owned the whole steel industry，说明讨论垂直整合是为了说明Andrew Carnegie是如何控制钢铁行业的，对应选项A中：To explain how Andrew Carnegie gained control of the steel industry。

3. In what two ways did business leaders make a positive contribution to the United States in the nineteenth century?
A. They invested in new production technologies.
B. They raised wage levels.
C. They improved safety conditions.
D. They supported charitable causes.
答案：AD
破题关键词汇：a positive contribution

解析：从04:15开始，老师说：But also, the truth is that these industry leaders made a significant contribution，说明之后就要出现答案了，老师继续说：Their investments in technologies led to the development of many new production techniques, 说明他们投资了新的生产技术，对应选项A中：They invested in new production technologies，然后老师继续说：many of them gave lots of money to charity，说明他们还扶持慈善事业，对应选项D中：They supported charitable causes。

4. According to the professor, what is the main reason that some businesses were able to become powerful during the nineteenth century?
A. The government assisted businesses when they had financial difficulties.
B. Taxation was based upon the profitability of a business.
C. The government did not impose many regulations on businesses.
D. Some government officials once held influential positions in large businesses.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：become powerful

解析：从04:41开始，老师说：But there was one thing in particular that gave them power，说明之后就要出现答案了，老师继续说：…, a dominant political theory in the 19th century, … laissez-faire doctrine. … "let it alone". ... The idea was that government should leave business alone, allow it to operate unregulated，说明当时企业强大的原因是政府没有施加太多管束，对应选项C中：The government … not … regulations … businesses。

5. Why did the government pass new laws aimed at businesses?
A. To correct mistakes made by the judicial system
B. To respond to complaints from the public
C. To increase employment rates
D. To increase tax revenue from large industries
答案：B
破题关键词汇：pass new laws

解析：从05:38开始，老师说：So there was bad press, bad publicity, enough that the government eventually felt it had to do something. So it passed two key pieces of legislation，说明之前已经出现答案了，老师前面说：But over time, … troubling to the public … big companies … too much control，说明政府之所以通过法律是为了应对民众抱怨，对应选项B中：To respond to complaints from the public。

6. What does the professor imply about the term “trust” when she says this: ?
A. She should not have mentioned the term.
B. It is unnecessary to explain the details of the term.
C. She wants the students to explain the term to her later.
D. She wants to discuss a different term.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：trust

解析：从02:50开始，老师说：A trust is... well I don't have to go into that now，老师继续说：What matters is that a trust created a single, central management team，说明没有必要具体展开解释术语，对应选项B中：It is unnecessary to explain the details of the term。

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