雅思强调句型讲解

一、定义

强调就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：

1、去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：

1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.

显然，句1去掉It is… that …后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is … that …后，句子变为you and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. 

A. that   B. what    C. which    D. this

答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when    B. that    C. before    D. since

答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。

2、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。

试比较：It was because of the accident why he was late. (误), 

It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如：

1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.

A. that    B. when    C. while    D. as

答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语until midnight而误选。

2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.

A. that    B. when    C. since    D. as

答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。

3、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:

How did he come here?             强调how: How was it that he came here?  

Why did he came late?             强调Why: Why was it that he came late?

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited. 

A. why it does    B. what he does    C. how it is    D. what it is

答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him so excited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为wonder后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when   B. that    C. where    D. before 

答案B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not… until”句型：Jennifer didn’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she got home，这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。

4、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：

1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.

3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.

4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

5、强调句中的时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is...that...。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was...that...。如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)

有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：

It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。

It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。

6、强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如：

I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。

You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。

二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点

1.原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用 It was...that... 。属于表现在的时态时, 用 It is... that... 。如:

It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。

When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?

2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is或 was。如:

It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室的人是他们。

3. 被强调部分指人时, It is（was）... 后用 who, whom 或that均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用 that（一般不用 when, where, which等）。如:

It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when）

It is her whom you should ask. （还可用 who／that）

It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where）

4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, who／that 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如:

It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。

5. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由although 和 whereas 引导的句子。如:

It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。

Was it in Beijing you first met him? （＝ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?

What is it you want me to do? （＝What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?

三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况

1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构，方法是将 It is（was）... that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构，反之则是主语从句。试比较:

It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （＝Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。（强调结构）

It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （＝That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。（主语从句）

It is clearly that she speaks. （＝She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。（强调结构）

It is clear that she has heard of it. （＝ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）

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