雅思阅读题型：填空题

雅思阅读填空题主要分为summary ,sentence completion, table , diagram 和flow chart等这几种。
　　在雅思所有题型当中，填空题是最简单的题型，这就意味着，考试的时候，碰到有填空题一定要先做，即便做不完第三篇，也要优先完成填空题。但是填空题也可以出得很难，所以除了掌握好技巧之外，还需要具备一定的词汇量。
　　雅思阅读填空题的基本解题步骤：
　　1. 读题（字数，paragraph）
　　2. 划定位词 (2-3)
　　3. 预判答案（词性，单复数，人/物）
　　4. 回原文定位
　　如C6T4P3
　　Complete the summary below.
　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
　　Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.
　　What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?
　　The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35_________ which makes the school's attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36_________ as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs. In addition, action can be taken through the 37_________ This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.
　　Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38_________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective. Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognize the difference between bullying and mere 39 __________.

看到题目， 先大致确定下该题在原文中的位置，因为是35-39题，基本是文章的最后第二个题型了。可以尝试从文章后面开始找定位词。（但这种做题方法平时加强练习，不习惯且心理素质不好的同学会感到慌张）。再是用summary的小标题确定位置，这道题可以用steps, schools. 做到以上两步，基本大定位已经有把握了。
　　按照基本的解题方法，35题的定位词step, school authority。（定位词尽量名词优先，且数量是2-3个）再是预判词性，空格为单数名词，却前面有动词，即v+a +n的结构。再是回原文定位，可以缩小到E部分第一小段第一句话有出现step,但是没有其他的定位词，这时候需要确定下与答案的结构是否一样。Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed.如果一样，那极有可能是答案。develop a policy 和produce a ___ 一样，最后用同义替换去检验，produce 和develop 意思基本相当，那答案就是policy.
　　其他空格的解题思路基本相同，但对很多同学来讲，produce 和develop 是简单词汇，所以不难。最难的单词看不懂，怎么知道是同义替换，不容易挑答案，其实并不然。咱们看下38空 Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38_________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.

定位词：由于38题所在的句子没有名词，选形容词和动词，被替换掉的几率太大，所以可以挑前面那句话的名词，借以缩小范围, individual pupils , small groups. 还有后面那句的‘no blame’ approach.

空格词性：名词，而且是表示人的名词。因为后面说的是trained , self-confident 训练变得更有自信，肯定是人。
　　There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying like 'no blame', can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.
　　因此可以把出题句基本缩小到夹在定位词中间的半句Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile。再根据之前的判断，答案为表示人的名词，只有pupils, victims两种可能性。如果同学们无法识别两个句子中的同义替换，那就只能二选一，但几率已经很大了。空格前有potential修饰，应该也只能是victims,因为victims是在从句中，修饰pupils。 同义替换是potential 潜在的，be liable to do sth 有倾向做某事，所以答案同样也是victims。如果potential和be liable to do都不认识的话，那就有点小难度了。
　　平时练习的时候，一定要多练习生词多的，这种类型的题目准确率能到80%，那么简单的题目也没有问题啦，同时单词一定要跟上。

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