托福听力讲座结构解析

托福听力讲座部分的结构对我们的解题有很大的帮助，文章的开头一般对应讲座第一题，对于文章结构能有清楚了解将会对我们解题有非常大的帮助。其中一种开头是例子开头的文章，这无疑对学生来说是一个很大的挑战，会觉得无从下手，其实不然，例子开头的文章其实非常容易。
　　我们可以参考 TPO4-lecture1和 TPO5-lecture1这两篇文章作为参考进行讲解。首先，我们要明白例子开头的文章有固定的模式，即例子：例子＋术语＋定义 ，这里有几个点需要我们注意：

1）例子的内容并非重点，我们在记笔记时只需要记下例子的主角。所以当大家听不懂内容时也不用担心，题目一样可以做。
　　2）术语是紧跟在例子之后出现的，一般以called作为信号词来抓取术语，同样术语的记法也非常的简单，如果是单个词，我们只需要根据发音大致记下这个词。如果是词组，那我们只需记下这两个词的首字母，如Distraction display我们只需记成：DD
　　3）最后一步也是最关键的一步，即定义句，定义句即答案句。

我们可以来看一个例子：
　　Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to you. You may have seen, for example, a bird that's in the middle of a mating ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens, you know, takes a few moments to straighten its feathers, and then returns to the mating ritual. This kind of behavior, this doing something that seems completely out of place, is what we call a ‘Displacement Activity'. Displacement activities are activities that animal's engaging in when they have conflicting drives. If we take our example from a minute ago, if the bird is afraid of its mate, it's conflicted. It wants to mate but it's also afraid and wants to run away. So, instead, it starts grooming itself. So, the displacement activity, the grooming, the straightening of its feathers, seems to be an irrelevant behavior. So, what do you think another example of a displacement activity might be?

在这段文章里我们可以看到，例子是关于一个bird的内容，所以只需记：Eg.bird, 术语通过信号词called之后的词Displacement Activity，记成DA，而定义句为Displacement activities are activities that animal's engaging in when they have conflicting drives。我们可以看下第一题的答案
　　What is the lecture mainly about?
　　A.  Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
　　B.  A theory about ways birds attract mates.
　　C.  Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
　　D.  Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
　　非常明显，答案应该是选择C选项。所以对文章结构有了一定的了解，解题就会变的非常轻松，即使文章的例子没有听懂我们也能轻松地解题。