如何用逻辑来提高托福听力理解力？

听力的学习离不开词组，一个一个地听单词只会词不达意，想要抓取关键信息就更加困难。词和词组或许能拼凑出大概的意思，但是没有结构的句子都只是词汇与词组的堆砌，堆到后面记忆混乱。如果能让单词成群，词组成块，运用逻辑，听力就会清晰起来了。这看起来工作量巨大，但是有意识地去强化自己这方面的能力，经过一段时间的练习之后，大脑便会自动对听力的句子进行切分，快速并准确地理解。

1. 词组，包括固定搭配，表达和习语等。
　　以固定搭配为例：
　　TPO4-C2：
　　Student: Not really. I’m worried about other two people in my group. They are just sitting back, not really doing their fair share of the work and waiting for an A. It’s kind of stressing me out, because we are getting close to the deadline and I feel like I’m doing everything for this project。
　　Professor：Ah, the old free-rider problem。
　　Student：Free-rider?
　　Professor：Ah, it’s just a term that describes this situation, when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work。
　　Q: Why does the professor mention the ‘free-rider’ problem?
　　A. To review a concept he explained in class。
　　B. To give the student a plan to solve her problem。
　　C. To clarify the problem the student is facing。
　　D. To explain a benefit of working in groups。
　　上文中“free rider”这一固定搭配出现了两遍且有出题，难点有两个：1. 没注意到这个单词，不能定位题目；2. 听到的是单个的单词，不知道词组的意思。
解题思路：根据“free rider”位于problem前，和后面再次搭配出现，先判定 “free rider” 是词组且代指某个问题，我们先用“FR”记下。
　　学生表达过抱怨“I’m worried about other two people in my group. They are just sitting back, not really doing their fair share of the work and waiting for an A。” 这句话可以理解大意是其他人不做事。
　　老师再次解释“it’s just a term that describes this situation, when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work。” 重申解释“term”，并且强调不为小组做贡献。
　　结合上下文，“free rider”就是搭便车者或不劳而获的人。
　　这样想来，其实我们在听这一段的时候，如果思路一直是跟着对话进行下去的，那我们也一直在等老师解释单词。这样呢，我们就会很快选出老师在给学生阐述这种现象的问题，答案选C。

2. 句子：简单句或长难句，许多都有固定的结构和逻辑关系，如果能切块进行处理预测，能提高听力效率。
　　TPO4-L4：
　　And as far as the public goes, well…there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree. In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose a government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create。
　　Q: What does the professor say about artists’ opinions of government support for the arts?
　　A. Most artists believe that the government should provide more funding for the art
　　B. Most artists approve of the ways in which the government supports the arts。
　　C. Even artists do not agree on whether the government should support the arts。
　　D. Even artists have a low opinion of government support for the arts。
　　“There are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree。” 这句话中有很明显的搭配as many...as，在听到as many individuals who disagree with the government support，是不是能预测到“agree” 的内容？
　　同理，“You have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose a government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create。” 这句话中用的逻辑词是“although”，让步前的内容比较简单，艺术家支持及原因，“although”出现时基本判断后面的内容是反对，准确听出”oppose”(此处有连读artists -oppose，很多同学会听成suppose。最后还有原因解释--“reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create。”说明是不愿意支持的，也能选出选项C。

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