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SAT阅读话题分类——社会研究

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2015-11-17 来源:新通外语网igo99.cn 作者:新通外语 阅读量: 639 手机阅读

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The passage is taken from 'The Rule of the Road', an essay written by a twentieth century essayist.

  A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a
  street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no
  small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the
  pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: 'I'm going
  5 to walk where I like. We've got liberty now.' It did not occur
  to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to
  walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty
  would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in
  everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere.

  10 Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.
  There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in
  these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well
  to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means
  that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the
  15 liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman,
  say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and
  puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty.
  You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing
  your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your
  20 liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with
  your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a
  reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with
  you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that
  Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never
  25 cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty
  in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your
  liberty a reality.

  Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social
  contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do
  30 not touch anybody else's liberty, of course, I may be as free as I
  like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who
  shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have
  liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing
  my hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or
  35 wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting
  up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man's permission. I
  shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my
  mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this
  religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to
  40 Wordsworth, or champagne to shandy.

  In all these and a thousand other details you and I please
  ourselves and ask no one's leave. We have a whole kingdom in
  which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or
  ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we
  45 step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes
  qualified by other people's liberty. I might like to practice on the
  trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to
  the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in
  my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets
  50 the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the
  trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.
  There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to
  accommodate my liberty to their liberties.

  We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much
  55 more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than
  of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings
  of others is the foundation of social conduct.
  It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of
  the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and
  60 declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of
  heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of
  commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and
  sweeten or make bitter the journey.

       1. The author might have stated his ‘rule of the road’ as
  A. do not walk in the middle of the road
  B. follow the orders of policemen
  C. do not behave inconsiderately in public
  D. do what you like in private
  E. liberty is more important than anarchy

  2. The author’s attitude to the old lady in paragraph one is
  A. condescending
  B. intolerant
  C. objective
  D. sardonic
  E. supportive

  3. The sentence ‘It means....curtailed’ (lines 13-15) is an example of
  A. hyperbole
  B. cliché
  C. simile
  D. paradox
  E. consonance

  4. Which sentence best sums up the author’s main point? sat
  A. There is a danger....lines 11-13
  B. A reasonable.... lines 56-57
  C. It is in the small matters....lines 58-60
  D. The great moments....lines 60-61
  E. It is the little....lines 61-63

  5. A situation analogous to the ‘insolence of office’ described in paragraph 2 would be
  A. a teacher correcting grammar errors
  B. an editor shortening the text of an article
  C. a tax inspector demanding to see someone’s accounts
  D. an army office giving orders to a soldier
  E. a gaoler locking up a prisoner

  6. ‘Qualified’ (line 46) most nearly means
  A. accredited
  B. improved
  C. limited
  D. stymied
  E. educated

  7. The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes in
  A. all matters of dress and food
  B. any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of others
  C. anything that is not against the law
  D. his own home
  E. public places as long as no one sees him

  8. In the sentence ‘ We are all liable....’ (lines 54-56) the author is
  A. pointing out a general weakness
  B. emphasizing his main point
  C. countering a general misconception
  D. suggesting a remedy
  E. modifying his point of view

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