托福TPO3综合写作真题及解题技巧解析

托福综合写作是托福考试的难点之一，全面考察考生快速阅读、听取关键信息和原文复述的能力。很多考生都会把托福备考重心放在独立写作上，往往忽略了托福综合写作部分。实际上，托福综合写作也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，换言之二者同等重要，不可偏废。

其实，我们之所以综合写作分数不高，很大程度上是受我们的听力实力的影响，换句话说，当我们很多考友的听力分数只有15 分上下的时候，我们对于综合写作的听力真的是束手无策。小编为大家准备了“托福TPO3综合写作真题及解析”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，希望大家善用托福写作真题，考出好的成绩！

托福TPO3综合写作真题及解析

　　托福TPO3综合写作题目 Reading Part:

Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
　　First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency. Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
　　Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
　　For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.

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　　中文解析：

伦勃朗是十七世纪荷兰最富盛名的画家。然后，对于有些画作是否确实出自他手却是颇有争议的。有一副有争议的画归于伦勃朗名下是因为其风格属于伦勃朗，同时画上女子的面庞也同伦勃朗其他画作中的人物非常类似的。然而，这幅画中存在的一些问题却表明这幅画不是伦勃朗的作品。
　　首先，这幅画上的一个问题就是画中女子的衣着有些不协调。她带着一个白色的亚麻帽子，这是一种仆人才会戴的帽子。但是穿的衣服却有一个奢华的皮草领子，这样的衣服是仆人阶层所不能承受的。以关注作品服饰细节著称的伦勃朗是不会在作品中发这样的错误的。
　　第二，伦勃朗是光影大师，但是在这幅作品中光影却是不协调的。人物的面庞被来自下面的光照亮了，但是面部下面却是深色的皮草领子。这个深色的皮草领子应该是吸光而不是反光的，所以面部应该呈现的是半明半暗的状态，而不是全部都是亮的。伦勃朗是绝不会犯这样的错误的。
　　最后，对于画作背侧的检查发现这幅画的木板是有几块木头粘在一起的。尽管伦勃朗常常会在木板上作画，但是尚未发现伦勃朗使用几块拼接的木板作画。因为上述原因，这幅画在1930年代从伦勃朗的官方画作目录中移除了。

托福TPO3综合写作题目 Listening Part:

Professor
　　Everything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.
　　First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.
　　Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.
　　Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".

中文解析：

刚才你读到的关于“戴白帽的老妪”的说法都是真的。但是经过专家小组对这幅画彻底的检查，最近确定这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。
　　原因如下：
　　首先是皮草领子。专家小组用 X 光检查并分析了画上的颜料，发现这个皮草领子不是原画作的组成部分。这个皮草领子是在成画后一百年之后直接画在原画上面的。这么做的目的是什么呢?可能是有人想让这幅画看起来像是一个贵族女子的正式画像，以为这样可以提高画的价值。
　　第二，所谓的光影问题。只要把这个后加上来的皮草领子移除，我们就能看到原画。在原画上，这个女人穿的是一个有这单领的浅色袍子。这个带领子的浅色袍子能够把光反射到女人的脸上。这是为什么这个女人的脸上没有呈现出半明半暗的状态。所以呢，原画上的光影是具备伦勃朗应该具有的写实风格的。
　　最后，木板的问题。研究发现，在加上皮草领子的同时，木板也是被认为的增大了。有人在原画的上边和侧面粘上了木板，以期望可以使这幅画看起来更大和更贵重。所以这幅话最初是画在一个单块木板上的，这样就符合我们对伦勃朗风格的期待了。同时，研究人员现这幅“戴白帽的老妪”上所使用的木材同伦勃朗的另一幅画所使用的木板来自同一颗树。这幅画是他的“戴帽子的自画像”，这一点更有力地说明了这幅画是伦勃朗所作。

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