托福雅思写作技巧：Paraphrase

无论在托福综合写作还是雅思写作中都会用到paraphrase的技巧，本文将从两个方面讲述一下改写的方法：

第一，使用不同的词汇

a.使用同义词，比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词应作为重点掌握的对象，出现的较为频繁。
　　important→essential, crucial, vital, significant
　　think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
　　nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days

b.改变词性，这种方法稍微难一些，要求学生的语法基础较好才能灵活自如的运用。
　　n. → v.
　　Eg：When we look at a comparison between A and B…
　　When we compare A and B…
　　Adj. → n.
　　There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
　　There are various solutions to the problem.

c.使用不同的承接词。承接词在写作中发挥的作用非常大，不仅是段落和段落的连接，还包括句子和句子的连接。背住一些常用的承接词对改写将会有很大的帮助。如：
　　because of → due to, owing to, for, on account of
　　but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
　　so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently

d.形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改，会达到非比寻常的效果。
　　Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
　　Not uncommon→common
　　The cheapest → the least expensive

第二，使用不同的句型

a. 改变词序。这是非常简单的一种方法，常常将句子中的状语（包括状语从句）换位置。
　　Eg: For many years, people have believed ….
　　→People believed… for many years.
　　After this program has been solved, work on … can continue.

b. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换
　　Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
　　→This research was performed by trained scientists.

 c. 使用“there be” 句型，可以将一个简单句，马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。
　　Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
　　→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.

d.定语从句，分词和插入语的互相替换
　　Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
　　→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
　　Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
　　→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

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