托福阅读排除列举题答题技巧

首先，我们需要知道托福阅读排除列举题的出题形式：

1. which of the following is NOT mentioned as x?
　　2. All of the following are mentioned as X EXCEPT?

在这两种提问中，我们必须要注意问题中的否定词NOT和EXECPT, 因此，我们应该排除掉与原文相符合的选项，留下与原文相矛盾的选项或者原文未提及的选项作为正确答案。接下来，我们来重点看一下排除列举题的做法。

做这类题目时，我们需要先看题干，找出具体的关键词，然后定位到原文相关的段落，将四个选项与定位的句子进行比较。如果没有明显的定位词，我们可以阅读四个选项，找出选项中的定位词，一个一个回到原文进行排除，最后剩下的即为正确答案。

现在，我们以TPO24 passage 1的12题为例，首先，题目问到：according to paragraph 6, residence time is affected by all of the following EXCEPT? 我们知道，题目问的是residence time受哪些因素的影响。

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然后，我们看paragraph 6, 明显在第二句中提到了相关信息：it depends on the rate at which water enters the lake, and that depends on the rainfall and the evaporation rate.根据这句话，我们可以排除A. amount of rainfall B. rate of evaporation.

我们再接着文章往下看，第三句：climatic change(the result of global warming)is dramatically affecting the residence times of some lakes …,据此，我们可以排除C. temperature of surrounding air 我们可以在paragraph 6 最后一句话找到与D选项相关的句子：

the slowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences: it causes dissolved chemicals to become increasingly concentrated…，但该句说的是renewal 减慢带来的影响是D选项，而不是影响residence time 的因素，所以D选项属于与题目无关选项。，因此，此题的正确答案为D. concentration of chemicals in lake water

再看一例TPO5 passage 2 的7，题目：all of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the pacific islands EXCEPT? 定位到原文的第一句：

the basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.

这句话提到了B. a variety of fishing techniques C. navigational skills d. knowledge of plant cultivation, 因此，该句的正确答案为A. knowledge of various austronesian languages.

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