托福阅读中的难句分析：后置定语

后置定语有以下成分可以做：

1 形容词短语

TPO 5－1－Para 1
　　Only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive.
　　这里able to tolerate low levels of this mineal是修饰前面的plants，句子的动词是can survive。

我们再来看一个例子

TPO 20－3 － Q 14/No. 1
　　Environmental characteristics like those present on ocean floors increase the likelihood that plant and animal fossils will occur.
　　同样这里的present on ocean floors的present是adj，不是动词。

2. 分词

2.1现在分词

The teacher giving the lessons now is from a prestigious university.
　　在这里，同学们可以看到，giving the lessons now 是修饰前面的teacher，表示主动或者进行的概念。
　　同时，大家也要区分现在分词做定语和做状语的区别。
　　区分现在分词做状语
　　TPO 5－3
　　Fossil disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.

Online Test - Opportunist and Competitors
　　A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.

TPO 28 - 2
　　So the herds shifted south, following the major river systems into savanna regions.

2.2 过去分词

过去分词，也就是done的结构是英语阅读中很常用的句式，因为这样句子显得很简洁并且能表达复杂的意思。
　　TPO 5 - 3 - Q9/1 
　　The animals found in the Tommotian fossil bed were once thought to belong to a ...

TPO 4 - 1-Para 5
　　Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.

同时也要提醒各位考生注意过去分词做状语的情况
　　区分过去分词做状语 TPO 5 －3
　　The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique animals.

3 介词短语

Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to belong to to groups that emerged and died out .....
介词短语做定语的现象并不是很多，而且同学们是比较好区分的。

相关阅读：

校区	课程	开班类型	咨询
黄龙校区 凤起校区 城东校区		周末/全日制
		周末/全日制
		周末/全日制
下沙校区	托福90分基础班 >	周末制
	托福95分强化精品班 >	周末制
	托福VIP保100分全程班 >	周末制