新通外语教师分析定语成分在雅思阅读中的应用

一个句子的主干部分一般是由两部分构成即主语和谓语。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，补语等。在雅思阅读的长难句中，定语起到了很好的扩充和丰富句子的作用，但同时也给分析句子主干造成了难点。下面我们来看一下定语在雅思阅读考试中的应用。

从定义上看，定语是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。下面划线部分均为定语。

It is a dog. (冠词）

This is my book. (物主代词)

They are women workers. (名词）

He is a kind person. (形容词）

The play has three acts.(数词）

China is a developing country. （现在分词）

This is a fiction written by her.  (过去分词)

This is the girl that I met yesterday.  (从句）

既然定语是次要成分，那如果我们在雅思阅读中能找到并暂时屏蔽掉这些定语成分（以下划线部分），就能迅速找到句子的主干，理解主要的意思。

1.The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.

2，The problems associated with exposure to noise do not arise if the subject knows they can make it stop.

3.It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers.

4.Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is falling.

5.The rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate.

从以上摘自剑桥真题的例句中可以看出作定语的成分中非谓语动词（现在分词和过去分词）以及定语从句应用最广泛，对它们的识别非常有助于理解句子的主要意思从而迅速解题。

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