托福听力“举例提示词”考点解析

在托福考试中，听力是大部分学生的弱项，尤其听力中的举例，新通外语施老师常问学生什么是TPO当中的举例，很多学生回答是for example。虽然说这个回答是正确的，但是学生只是局限于这一个词语，其实例子有很多其它的引出方法，只是学生在做题时未去发现，未去提醒自己注意，所以才错过了很多考点，做错了很多题目。下面新通外语老师施老师就为大家详细讲解托福听力中的例子分析。

首先对于例子，有些会有很清晰的提示词，如for example/for instance/like;A good example of...，这些都比较容易去抓住它。

我们来看一个例子，在TPO 1 Lecture 3 讲解Archaeology的过程中，就会听到 for instance, their art. They painted on the plastered walls and usually they painted hunting scenes with wild animals in them. Now they did hunt and they also raised cereal crops and kept sheep, but we don’t know why so many of the paintings are of hunting scenes. Was it supposed to have religious or magical significance? That’s the kind of thing we can only guess at based on clues. And hopefully, further excavation of Catalhoyuk will yield more clues. But we’ll probably never know for sure.

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例子基本都是必考点，考题也非常直接：

What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk? Click on 3 answers

It was clearly important to the Catalhoyuk religion

It became covered with soot

It often shows farmers at work

Its significance is unknown

It contains many hunting scenes

所以结果很容易选出对于art的描述，选择第2，4，5这三个选项。

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其次，有些会不太明显，很容易漏掉或错过，这些都要通过长时间的磨耳朵才能更精确的抓住它。需要注意不同的提示词，例如take sth或者take the case of...特别要注意case这个词，当然也需要根据主题去判断。

我们来看一个例子，

在TPO 14 Lecture 3 讲解Astronomy的过程中Take the case of the Gilbert Islands, they are part of Polynesia, and lie very close to the equator.

And the people there were able to divide the sky into symmetrical boxes, according to the main directions, north, east, south and west. And they could precisely describe the location of a star by indicating its position in one of those imaginary boxes. And they realized that you had to know the stars in order to navigate. In fact there was only one word for both in the Gilbert Islands, when you wanted to the star expert, you ask for a navigator.

通过这一段的听力，应该要意识到举例是the Gilbert Islands 的陈述，这样对题目的判断就会更加准确。

What does the professor say about the people of the Gilbert Islands? Click on 2 answers.

They developed a method for describing the locations of stars.

They regularly traded with the peoples of Hawaii and New Zealand.

They were the first to recognize the usefulness of zenith stars.

They considered a navigator to be the same as an astronomer.

所以针对于听力所听出的重点描述，可以选出第1，4两个选项。

第三，在听力里也会有不以常见提示词出现的例子，这些需要靠练习或者其他的提示来判断。比如有时对于一些作品名人名或者对于一些总结和强调。在托福听力里，艺术类天文学心理学等都比较容易出现人名，地名或者作品名称。

我们来看在TPO 8 Lecture 2 Art History中出现的作品名词，它是以called这个词引出名称，非常清晰，所以要记下之后的名字。

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In fact, Marie Bashkirtseff herself had a painting in the salon in 1881. Interestingly this masterpiece called In the Studio is a painting of the interior of Julian’s art school. It is not in your text book. I will show you the painting next week. The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model. It was actually Bashkirtseff, actually followed Julian’s savvy suggestion and painted her fellow students in a class at the school with the artist herself at the far right. A great advertisement for the school when the painting eventually hung up at the salon, for a women’s studio had never been painted before.

我们在听完描述过后一定要抓住对于In the Studio 这一作品的评价。

在TPO 17 Lecture 4 Biology中也考到了例子，但是这一例子的提示是在最后的总结描述中点到的，所以例子随处可见。

Um, now there’s a third way that octopus can transform themselves to blend in with or mimic their environment, and that’s by changing their shape and size, well, at least their apparent size. The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves.

所以在托福听力里，不仅要关注最常见的举例提示词，还要注意其它托福考试常考提示词。这些都要通过长时间的磨耳朵才能更精确的抓住。因此，托福听力练习才是王道。

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