一、因果论证
因果论证是所有学术论文必须用到的一种论证方法。因为在西文的逻辑中，任何一个句子都是一个因果关系链接条上的一环。都有前因和后果。
--因果论证的结构：提出论点—分析条件（如果这样会有什么样的好处/坏处?)—得出结果
--如何使用：给观点时问:为什么
给事实时问:那又怎样?会导制什么结果?
--何时停止：推论到明显倾向性的结论或有了事实
e.g. 同意建工厂:有利于人们生活便利----人多----要购物吃饭-建商店和饭馆满足要求----当地人也可以利用这些商店和饭馆----当地人吃饭购物便利----可带动当地的部分就业；
-- 何时停止：推论到明显倾向性的结论或有了事实
e.g. 不同意建工厂:噪音大,危害严重----如果建工厂----人多,机器响，车辆哄鸣----噪音大----学生不能专心学习，科研人员不能安心工作，老人不能很好休息----危害很大；
发展工业坏处明显----对环境的破坏（空气，水，土壤，freon的排放----ozone layer的破坏----对人体的伤害（被紫外线直射，容易得皮肤癌例证1： When people have jobs, they should be guaranteed that they can have those jobs for their entire working lives.
Job security is very important for both the employee and the employer. For the employee, job security is important because she can depend on her source of income and better plan her future accordingly. For the employer, the employee represents an investment because of the number of hours of training required and the financial support offered by the company, thus, the company will continue to have a return on this.
例证2： The purpose of television should be all educative, not entertaining.
Additionally, television news coverage tends to favour stories that are of a violent or graphic nature. Stories that are explicit or sensational, such as accidents or homicides, will be featured first because they are psychologically more engaging than other stories and, therefore, more likely to hold audience’s attention.
An overemphasis on such stories, however, can distort a young person’s view of the world. It can create a false sense of reality, as though the only newsworthy events are tragic or violent. Young people are by nature emotionally vulnerable, and overexposure to negative news can create feelings of hopelessness and despair, which can lead to a number of disruptive behaviours.
二、因果论证的连接词
1.先果后因
because, as, since + sentence;
due to,owing to, thanks to, by reason of, on account of, result from, be responsible for,contribute to, give rise to + n./noun phrase(to give a reason)
2.先因后果:
therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, because of this, hence, thus, thereby, for this reason, so + sentence;
lead to, result in + + n./noun phrase (to give a result)
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