雅思阅读攻略：火眼金睛 横扫限定

细心钻研雅思出题思路的学生都会发现，有很多题目都对做题的方向以及干扰项的方向做出了暗示和限定。相信大家都下过中国象棋，在开局阶段如果能根据对方的特点布好局并相应的做出调整的话，那么对方的每一步棋的意图和目的都在你的掌握之中。同理，如果能提前发现题目中的限制条件，那么你就很容易看透干扰项的特点，加以排除，进而毫不费力的确定正确答案了。这是不是有点像火眼金精，一眼就能看穿妖魔本质的齐天大圣呢？今天就来分享一下雅思听力选择题解题思路透析之二——横扫限定，火眼金精。

经过研究和总结，雅思选择题里的限制条件可归为三类：时间限定、频度限定、名词限定，下面我就逐一进行解析。

第一类：时间限定

例1 剑7 Test 4 Q 12

The original buildings on the site were

A houses

B industrial buildings

C shops

思路透析：题干中包含original这一时间限定词，所以提前预判此题干扰项为现在这些建筑是干什么用的并且做好排除干扰项和同义转换的准备。

实际做题：在实际做题中，当听到used to be...这个表达方式的时候就应该有所警觉，做题位置到了。

原文：There used to be a lot of factories in this area until 1960s. Creating the park required the demolition of lots of derelict buildings on the site, so most of the exciting park space all around you was originally warehouses and storehouses.

解题：无论是used to be或者是originally都可以跟original形成同意转换，而其后的名词factories，warehouses and storehouses都可以与industrial buildings呼应，故答案为B。而在上述描述中我们可以看出来现在这块地是一个公园，这只是干扰项而已。

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例2 剑5 Test 2 Q 11

In 1993 Dan Pearman went to Ecuador

A as a tourist guide

B as part of his studies

C as a voluntary worker

思路透析：在审题中发现有1993这个时间点，所以确定答案在出现1993这个时间之后，而没有这个时间相随的则为干扰项。

实际做题：出现1993后，做题位置到来。

原文：I went there in 1993 just after graduating from university. After three years of studying, i wanted adventrure. I loved travelling, so I decedied to join a voluntary organisation and was sent to Ecuador to carry out land surveys.

解题：1993后紧跟着after graduating from university，所以马上排除B选项。而后面发现有voluntary organisation，故确定答案为C。

例3  剑7 Test 3 Q 16

The Semira region has a long tradition of

A making carpets

B weaving blankets

C carving wood

思路透析：虽然此题不像上面两题有非常清晰的时间指示词，但是题干中long tradition of带有明显的“过去”时间指示特点，从而判断干扰项为现在这个地区以作什么为特色。

实际做题：以选项中的各个名词为定位点

原文：The area has been famous for centuries for making beautiful carpets, although recently there has been a trend to move into weaving blanket and wood carving.

解题：has been famous for centuries与has a long tradition形成同意转换，故正确答案为A。而B, C两个选项紧跟recently这个时间状语，符合干扰项的特点，故加以排除。

总结：其实时间限定词很多，包括明确限定和隐性限定两类。明确限定：具体年代、now、past、future、use to、original、originally、soon、so far、recently、current、currently、soon等；隐性限定：比如例二中的long tradition之类的表达方式或者是时间状语从句。善于发现和利用这样的限定词对解题帮助很大。

第二类：频度限定

　　例4  剑2 Test 4 Q 35

The most common type of road rage incident involved

A damage to property

B personal violence

C verbal abuse

　　思路透析：此题题干中出现了most common这种表示频率的词，那么势必出现road rage的种种表现作为干扰项，而我们要等的是最为普遍的一种形式的同意转换。

　　实际做题：

原文：Well, as you can see, 93% of respondents had had some kind of problem. A surprisingly large percentage-24% had had their car damaged in some way, but the main type of incident was being shouted at-79% had experienced that. 15% had experienced violence on their own persons... they’d actually been hit by someone.

解题：正如我们所料，出现了violence和damage等road rage的表现形式作为干扰项，而我们所需要的是把most common和main type做同意转换，进而得到答案C。

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　　例5  剑2 Test 3 Q 8

The respondents feels that adverts should occur every

A 10 minutes

B 15 minutes

C 20 minutes

　　思路透析：通过这个题的出题形式，能够看出是纯粹考查频率的一道题。

　　实际做题：听到how often这个问题时确定做题位置。

　　原文：Well out of that list I’d say every quarter of an hour. I don’t think we can complain about that, as long as they don’t last for ten minutes each time!

　　解题：此题用每次广告所持续的时间10分钟为干扰项，加以排除。把15分钟和quarter进行同意转换后得到答案B。

　　总结：在此提醒考生们，当题目中出现表示频率的词时要加以注意，这样的词通常包括：frequency, frequent, frequently, common, commonly, usual, usually, average, averagely, every ...minutes等。

第三类：名词限定

　　例6  剑6 Q 33

Asiatic lions disappeared from Europe

A 2500 years ago

B 2000 years ago

C 1900 years ago

　　思路透析：此题题干中出现了Europe这一名词加以限定，所以解题时要注意哪个时间紧跟着欧洲那么哪个选项就很有可能是正确答案。

　　实际做题：原文：However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lion roaming free two thousand years ago. Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere in India.

　　解题：1900年这个选项是跟着印度的，故排除。2000年是跟着欧洲出现的，故答案为B。

　　总结：有时候一些具有实际意义的名词对这个题目的范围进行了限定，那么其实题目就出现了简化的机会，重点关注哪个选项是出现在这个名词周围的就可以轻松得到答案了。

　　综上所述，雅思选择题很容易对题干进行时间、频率、以及名词的限定。提前发现这些限定能够帮助我们确认解题方向，进而进行有的放矢式的解题，能大大提高解题的正确率。

　　

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