托福阅读题型攻略之表格题

表格题是托福阅读中较少出现的题型，大家碰到的几率不高，但有时候也会出现。表格题类似于not except型，一般是7选5，或者9选7.给你两个部分，让你去填充。借鉴 not except 的思路，用哪两个部分给文章的段落分类，然后在分出的各自段落中寻找对应的信息。

GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE

1.Most people consider the landscape to beunchanging, but Earth is a dynamic body, and its surface is continually altering-slowly on thehuman time scale, but relatively rapidly when compared to the great age of Earth (about 4,500billion years). There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processessuch as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion,which gradually wear away exposed landforms.

这段说了地球表面变化，速度快，有两种力量：1 con 2 de

2.Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resistingthe destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geologicalterms. As a general rule, the higher a mountain is, the more recently it was formed; forexample, the high mountains of the Himalayas are only about 50 million years old. Lowermountains tend to be older, and are often the eroded relics of much higher mountain chains.About 400 million years ago, when the present-day continents of North America and Europewere joined, the Caledonian mountain chain was the same size as the modern Himalayas. Today,however, the relics of the Caledonian orogeny (mountain-building period) exist as thecomparatively low mountains of Greenland, the northern Appalachians in the United States,the Scottish Highlands, and the Norwegian coastal plateau.

山是shortlived，1高山，young 2低山 old

3.The Earth's crust is thought to be divided into huge, movable segments, called plates, whichfloat on a soft plastic layer of rock.1 Some mountains were formed as a result of these platescrashing into each other and forcing up the rock at the plate margins. In this process,sedimentary rocks that originally formed on the seabed may be folded upwards to altitudes ofmore than 26,000 feet.2 Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes, which fracture theEarth's crust and can displace enough rock to produce block mountains.3 A third type ofmountain may be formed as a result of volcanic activity which occurs in regions of active foldmountain belts, such as in the Cascade Range of western North America. The Cascades aremade up of lavas and volcanic materials. Many of the peaks are extinct volcanoes.

山形成的123种原因

4.Whatever the reason for mountain formation, as soon as land rises above sea level it issubjected to destructive forces. The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weatherprocesses and gradually broken down into fragments, which are then carried away and laterdeposited as sediments. Thus, any landscape represents only a temporary stage in thecontinuous battle between the forces of uplift and those of erosion.

注意第一句，我们要寻找的东西出现了，destructive force.这说明前面的是con的部分。后面在说erosion

5.The weather, in its many forms, is the main agent of erosion. Rain washes away loose soiland penetrates cracks in the rocks. Carbon dioxide in the air reacts with the rainwater, forminga weak acid (carbonic acid) that may chemically attack the rocks. The rain seeps undergroundand the water may reappear later as springs. These springs are the sources of streams andrivers, which cut through the rocks and carry away debris from the mountains to the lowlands.

还在说erosion，各种举例

6.Under very cold conditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form inpermanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying withthem huge quantities of eroded rock debris. In dry areas the wind is the principal agent oferosion. It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces, therebywearing them into yet more sand. Even living things contribute to the formation oflandscapes. Tree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed theirsplitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soilfragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.

Ice和frost也会起作用，然后living things也起作用，比如树根和草根。

12. Directions: Three of the answer choices below are used in the passage to illustrateconstructive processes and two are used to illustrate destructive processes. Complete thetable by matching appropriate answer choices to the processes they are used to illustrate.This question is worth 3 points.

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