托福阅读常见题型之总结题详解

总结题是托福阅读常考的题型之一。其实老外的文章也是几个论点，然后每个论点加入一些例子细节构成的，总结题就是要我们挑出来这些论点。

清楚了题目的考察目的，我们来看一下选项的设置。六个选项里面有三个对的，两个不靠谱的跟文章不沾边的，就是细节题那种原文没提的选项，还有一个是细节信息。

先看个例子：

我爱她。First，她很美。她长的很像杨幂。Besides，她身材很好。Last，她学习好，期末时候给我讲题保证我不挂科

选项

1 她很美

2她长的像杨幂

3她身材好

4她学习好

5小明经常挂科

6柳岩身材好

大家很容易选出来134是主论点，而2是细节信息 5文章没提 6 虽然柳岩身材真的很好，但是我们不能选，因为这是原文中没有的

熟悉了选项的设置之后，我就给大家介绍出题思路。这种题，我还是建议大家用直选与排除的方法结合。

直选：读文章每段的段首，注意，不仅仅是第一句话。读到哪里为止呢，当开始有for example，或者开始说在几几年之类的细节信息，之前的部分就是观点性内容。

举例：The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have bigbodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak treeis a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more,outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up anyfree water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, achemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events.It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

有同学看到这段就头疼了，这么长，告诉你，不长，就两句话加个单词。

看第一句，相对于机会者的是竞争者。然后第二句描述了竞争者的特点，之后出现了oak，用oak举例。所以本段的主旨就是相对于机会者的是竞争者，竞争者有…………。然后用oak举例说明这些特征!

找到了每段的主旨，去对应选项，选项的顺序是和文章段落顺序相同的，一一对应去选择主旨句的同意转述就OK了。

名门正派的招式介绍完了，下面开始介绍歪门邪道，一些无耻技巧。

无耻技巧1

按照问题的关键词寻找答案。就像我上面的例子，我再说“她”，我爱她，所以正确的选项里面一定要有“她”的出现。

上例题：The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.

1. Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors

2. Thomas Edison's design of the

Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.

3. Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.

4. Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.

5. The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a largescreen

6. once films images could be projected,

the cinema became a form of mass consumption

其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema.

无耻技巧2

针对细节信息与原文中没有的信息，有不同的排除方法。

先看细节信息

判断一个选项是否是细节信息，要看它在文中的位置，如果它在文中的前一句是观点，而它后面没有支持它的信息，它就是细节信息。比如我上面写的那句，她长的很像杨幂，这句之前是她很美这个观点，之后是另一个观点，说明它就是细节信息。

细节信息的特征：一般存在于举例中，大体有两种，1，事实性内容，事实是用来支持观点的。2 定义性内容，如她是个女的，这只是让你知道，而不是要论述的。

这中排除方法有个小技巧，就是当选项里面有时间，数字的时候必为细节信息，很好理解，时间数字都是具体的信息，都是为了支持论点的。

上例题：

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales,porpoises and dolphins

1

2

5

Answer choices

1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals andcetaceans

2.The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on landand at sea

3.The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossilevidence.

4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found

5.Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whaleswere found..

6.Ambulocetus'hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.

第三个：B的骨骼是在T海发现的，明显的事实性内容，排除

第四个：P是……，定义性内容，排除

第六个：A的前爪是用来……，事实性内容，排除

对于原文中没有的信息，这个没什么好说的了，很明显，就是细节题的那种原文没有的错误选项，比如上面的小明经常挂科和柳岩身材很好。

有的老师建议大家做这种题的时候，先排除那两个不靠谱的，再区别主论点和细节信息，我的建议还是先是直接去选择，选看文章的每段主旨去选择，然后结合排除法。这种题技巧没那么丰富，或者是有但是我不会，总之回到我一再强调的，内力的修炼才是王道，技巧只是锦上添花的!

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