深度剖析托福听力重点细节

托福听力中的细节题，通常占据总题数（34题）的三分之一，可见ETS考试中心的老师们有多关注这一项内容。而考过托福的同学都对细节题无可奈何，现在就不同的考生问题进行深度分析，并给出建议。

问题1. 每次听听力总会有一串听不懂的部分，但却会在该部分出题。

首先，出现这种问题的同学大概都不会抓关键信息，所谓关键信息，就是能帮助听者理解大致内容的单词和短语。在托福听力中尤为重要的是动词和宾语。动词是表示主体和客体之间的关系，而宾语永远都是听者需要focus的新信息。

例如：（TPO27 Music History） It(fungus) breaks down dead wood. But this particular fungus nibbles away only at certain layers in the wood, leaving other layers alone.

注意第二句话，these fungus（菌类）是已经出现过的单词，我们的关注重心是nibble away（慢慢腐蚀）和 layer in the wood（树的某一层），最终剩余其他几层。在做笔记时我们需要记得是nibble、layer wood和leaving other；有了这三组词，再结合语境很快联想到：菌类腐蚀某一层木头，将剩余部分暴露出来。而细节题目：
　　The professor describes an experiment in which wood was exposed to a fungus before being made into a violin. What point does the professor make about the fungus?
　　A. it decomposes only certain parts of the wood
　　B. it was found only in the forests of northern Italy
　　C. it was recently discovered in a vintage Cremonese violin
　　D. it decomposes only certain species of trees

这样答案很明显是选项A，即是真菌分解树木的局部部分。

因此我们的方法是：听动宾结构，主要是动词和名词，注意用箭头表示动词。

问题2. 每次做四选二的题目都只做对一半。

犯这种问题的同学主要没有抓住信号词。经过我总结后主要有以下两种：

第一种：出现的信号词：there are a couple of factors accounting for this phenomenon/ there are several reasons that…

当听到这种句子时，就是四选二细节题的出题点，因此在听听力时不要只听一点，要当心后面有also, plus, another, the other这些词汇。只要抓住这点，题目正确率会提高。

例如：（TPO7 Geology）
　　Now, there are a couple of the factors that affect the amount of deformation that takes place or the speed of the glaciers movement for example. Deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ices, because of the gravity of the weight of the ice. And temperature also plays part here, in that cold ice does not move as easily as ice that is close to the melting point, in fact, it is not too different from… the way oil is, thicker at lower temperatures. So, if you had a glacier in a slightly warmer region, it will flow faster than the glacier in a cooler region.
　　 当听到there are a couple of factors that affect…我们知道有几个因素可以影响到glacier deformation（冰川变形）第一点是与thickness 有关，支持句是：deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ice is. 第二点是与temperature有关，支持句是：temperature also plays part here. 因此我们得到的影响冰川deformation的因素是thickness 和 temperature

题目：What factors are involved in the amount of deformation a glacier undergoes?
　　Click on 2 answers
       A. The thickness of glacial ice
       B. The hardness of glacial ice
       C. The amount of water beneath the glacial ice
       D. The temperature of the glacial ice

通过以上的解释很容易选出AD两个选项。

第二种：当出现not just…, the … also…

这个结构不难想到是我们平时所熟悉的not only…but also…表示并列或递进，也就是需要两点。

问题3. 看是看得懂，或者第二遍听也能听懂，但第一遍听就是不能完全抓不住重点

针对这点，首先得鼓励一下提出这种问题的同学，说明你们对单词辨音和基本重点信号词已经掌握的很好，但对于一些句式结构还是不能明确其作用。

第一类：主语从句表示强调
　　例1. What they do is spread out the weight of the foot coming down on the snow. See, the problem with walking on snow is that you sink in with every step.
　　例2. And what I, another think is that the loss of the wetlands has created the situation where the local temperatures in the area are not slightly different.

解析：对于以上例句，都是通过主语从句引出要说的重点，记笔记时当听到主语从句时千万不要慌乱，要将后面的内容认真听懂并记下来。

第二类：which结构表示因果关系

注意：记笔记时，听到这类结构要用---> 表示因果关系
　　例1. In other words, its coat, its fur , turns from brown in the summer to white in the winter , which makes it harder for the hare‘s predators to see it against the white snow.
　　解析：which在讲座中往往是表示因果关系，需要听者将前后的内容联系起来理解。例如本句中：雪兔的皮毛由夏天的棕毛变成冬天的白毛，这使得捕食者很难在雪中发现。

第三类：it is… that…句型
　　在讲座中，it is… that…表示因果关系
　　例1.  And it‘s the amount of daylight that triggers the changing of the hare‘s coat.
　　例2. It‘s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makes passageways.
　　例3. it‘s safe to say that it‘s sulfuric acid and not moving water that formed Lechuguilla cave and those few other ones like it.
　　解析：it is… that 句型大家都知道是强调句，但在托福听力中，考生要理解为因果关系，如例2中：就是流动水能腐蚀岩石和形成通道。那么考生应该认为moving water导致了通道的形成。

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